Typhlocolitis associated with Clostridium difficile ribotypes 078 and 110 in neonatal piglets from a commercial Irish pig herd

McElroy, M.; Hill, M. W. M.; Moloney, Geraldine; Aogáin, Micheál Mac; McGettrick, Shane; O'doherty, A.; Rogers, Thomas R.

doi:10.1186/s13620-016-0070-9

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We have reported C. difficile ribotype 078 in cases of typhlocolitis in neonatal piglets in Ireland (9), and Knetsch et al found that ribotype 078 isolates carried by farmers in the Netherlands and their pigs were identical by whole-genome sequence analysis (10). These findings suggest that C. difficile isolates might be shared between humans and pigs when in close proximity.…”

Section: Human and Porcine Transmission Of Clostridioides Diffi Cile Ribotype 078 Europementioning

confidence: 64%

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Human and Porcine Transmission of Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 078, Europe

Moloney¹,

Eyre²,

Aogáin³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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C lostridioides (formerly Clostridium) diffi cile was considered to be a predominantly nosocomial pathogen until fi ndings of several whole-genome sequencing studies suggested a more complex epidemiology. For example, Eyre et al. reported that only 35% of nosocomial C. diffi cile infections (CDIs) were potentially attributable to other cases on the basis of genomic data, and only 19% were additionally linked through sharing possible hospital-based contact (1). This fi nding suggests that a major proportion of C. diffi cile from CDI cases occurring in healthcare institutions originates from other sources, including the community (2).Community-associated CDI (CA-CDI) is now well recognized, accounting for ≈25% of cases in Australia, <25% of cases in Europe, and 33% of cases in the United States (3,4). There is increasing recognition that C. diffi cile is a near ubiquitous environmental organism and that humans have widespread environmental exposure to it. C. diffi cile has been detected in samples from parks (24.6%); water sources, including rivers, lakes, and sea water; homes (17.1%); commercial stores; and other premises (6.5%-8.1%), in addition to hospitals (16.5%) (5,6). Isolates of C. diffi cile

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Section: Human and Porcine Transmission Of Clostridioides Diffi Cile Ribotype 078 Europementioning

confidence: 64%

“…The porcine isolates from Ireland in this analysis were from available samples processed at the CVRL. These isolates included samples from neonatal piglets that had typhlocolitis (9). We have identified genomic similarities among isolates causing human and veterinary infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and Porcine Transmission of Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 078, Europe

Moloney¹,

Eyre²,

Aogáin³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…It has been established that C. difficile can cause enteritis in neonatal piglets [ 27 – 29 ], but epidemiologic studies do not support the idea of C. difficile being a primary diarrhoeic pathogen in pigs [ 4 , 13 , 30 – 32 ]. In accordance with this, the detection of C. difficile was not associated with being a case in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrhoea in neonatal piglets: a case control study on microbiological findings

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMany factors can influence the occurrence of neonatal diarrhoea in piglets. Currently, well-known pathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens type C appear to play a minor role in development of disease. Other infectious pathogens may be involved. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of selected infectious pathogens in neonatal piglets with clinical and pathological signs of enteric disease. The association between rotavirus A, Enterococcus hirae, Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens type A/C and diarrhoea was investigated in a case control study on piglet level. The possible role of E. coli virulence factors was investigated in a multistep-procedure using herd-pools of E.coli isolates to screen for their presence.ResultsRotavirus A was detected more often in cases (25%) than in controls (6%) (P < 0.001). The detection rate of Enterococcus hirae, Clostridium difficile and C. perfringens type A positive for beta2 genes was the same in the two groups of piglets. C. perfringens type C was not detected in the study. Investigations on E. coli virulence factors showed a high prevalence of EAST1 toxin genes (55% of tested case piglets were positive) and AIDA-1 adhesin genes (63% of toxin positive case piglets were positive) in case piglets.ConclusionsDetection of rotavirus A was statistically significantly associated with neonatal piglet diarrhoea.An aetiologic role of E. coli carrying virulence factors EAST1 and AIDA-1 needs further investigation as the study points out these two factors as possible causative factors in neonatal diarrhoea.Detection of E.hirae, C.difficile and C. perfringens type A carrying beta 2 genes was not associated with neonatal piglet diarrhoea. However, the study suggested that massive overgrowth by E. hirae could be part of the pathogenesis in some cases of neonatal diarrhoea.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40813-018-0094-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Previous studies reported that C. difficile could be an etiological agent of enteritis in neonatal piglets [ 90 , 91 , 92 ]. While it is not considered to be a primary diarrheic pathogen in pigs based on epidemiological studies [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ], other studies indicate that C. difficile is an emerging pathogen in neonatal diarrhoea [ 1 , 97 , 98 ]. These findings highlight the need for farmers to use recently developed commercial vaccines that provide immunization against C. difficile to sows to prevent neonatal diarrhoea via passive immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Clostridia in the Aetiology of Neonatal Piglet Diarrhoea: Important Factors for Their Prevention

Tsekouras

Meletis

Kostoulas

et al. 2023

Life

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This study aimed to research the involvement of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and C. difficile or C. perfringens type C in the aetiology of neonatal piglet diarrhoea in Greece and to identify preventive factors for them. A total of 78 pooled faecal samples were collected randomly from 234 suckling piglets (1–4 days of age) with diarrhoea from 26 pig farms (3 piglets × 3 litters × 26 farms = 234 piglets = 78 faecal pool samples). The collected samples were initially screened for the presence of E. coli and C. difficile or C. perfringens via cultivation on MacConkey and anaerobic blood agar, respectively. Subsequently, the samples were pooled on ELUTE cards. From samples tested, 69.23% of those in the farms were ETEC F4-positive, 30.77% were ETEC F5-positive, 61.54% ETEC were F6-positive, 42.31% were ETEC F4- and E. coli enterotoxin LT-positive, 19.23% were ETEC F5- and LT-positive, 42.31% were ETEC F6- and LT-positive, while LT was found in 57.69% of those in the farms. C. difficile was involved in many cases and identified as an emerging neonatal diarrhoea etiological agent. Specifically, Toxin A of C. difficile was found in 84.62% and Toxin B in 88.46% of those in the farms. Antibiotic administration to sows in combination with probiotics or acidifiers was revealed to reduce the detection of antigens of ETEC and the enterotoxin LT of E. coli.

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Typhlocolitis associated with Clostridium difficile ribotypes 078 and 110 in neonatal piglets from a commercial Irish pig herd

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Human and Porcine Transmission of Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 078, Europe

Human and Porcine Transmission of Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 078, Europe

Diarrhoea in neonatal piglets: a case control study on microbiological findings

Detection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Clostridia in the Aetiology of Neonatal Piglet Diarrhoea: Important Factors for Their Prevention

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