Types of Ocean Surface Waves, Wave Classification

Toffoli, Alessandro; Bitner‐Gregersen, Elzbieta M.

doi:10.1002/9781118476406.emoe077

Cited by 72 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To find IG band power, we integrated the spectrogram over the frequency band 0.015–0.03 Hz for each window used to produce the spectrogram. These frequency limits were selected based on the ocean wave classification presented in Toffoli and Bitner‐Gregersen ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal and Thermal Stresses Drive Seismicity Along a Major Ross Ice Shelf Rift

Olinger

Lipovsky

Wiens

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Understanding deformation in ice shelves is necessary to evaluate the response of ice shelves to thinning. We study microseismicity associated with ice shelf deformation using nine broadband seismographs deployed near a rift on the Ross Ice Shelf. From December 2014 to November 2016, we detect 5,948 icequakes generated by rift deformation. Locations were determined for 2,515 events using a least squares grid‐search and double‐difference algorithms. Ocean swell, infragravity waves, and a significant tsunami arrival do not affect seismicity. Instead, seismicity correlates with tidal phase on diurnal time scales and inversely correlates with air temperature on multiday and seasonal time scales. Spatial variability in tidal elevation tilts the ice shelf, and seismicity is concentrated while the shelf slopes downward toward the ice front. During especially cold periods, thermal stress and embrittlement enhance fracture along the rift. We propose that thermal stress and tidally driven gravitational stress produce rift seismicity with peak activity in the winter.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal and Thermal Stresses Drive Seismicity Along a Major Ross Ice Shelf Rift

Olinger

Lipovsky

Wiens

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Apparent water column variations on the other hand are small scale variations caused by external factors which may be associated with data acquisition like tilt, pitch, roll and shoaling of ship or effects of local wind action on the water surface. Detailed classes of the different ocean waves responsible for water column height variations exists in literature 5 . Long-period waves (storm surges, seiches and tsunamis) can have periods from order of minutes (tsunamis) to few days (big storm surges).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wind sea and swell have a period band of 1 to 20 s. However, swell have small height and less intense dissipation when compared with wind sea. Capillary waves which have period of less than 0.1 s are the shortest period and first wave to be noticed when wind blows on the ocean surface 5 (Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction of water column height variation on 2D grid high-resolution seismic data using dGPS based methodology

Abegunrin

Hepp

Mörz

2020

Sci Rep

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Variations in the physical properties of water column usually impede exact water column height correction on high-resolution seismic data, especially when the data are collected in shallow marine environments. Changes in water column properties can be attributed to variation in tides and currents, wind-generated swells, long and short amplitude wave-fronts, or variation in salinity and water temperature. Likewise, the proper motion of the vessel complicates the determinability of the water column height. This study provides a less time-consuming and precise differential Global Positioning System based methodology that can be applied to most types of high-resolution seismic data in order to significantly improve the tracking and quality of deduced geological interpretations on smaller depth scales. The methodology was tested on geophysical profiles obtained from the German sector of the North Sea. The focus here was to identify, distinguish and classify various sub-surface sedimentary structures in a stratigraphically highly complex shallow marine environment on decimeter small-scale. After applying the correction to the profiles, the sea floor, in general, occurs 1.1 to 3.4 m (mean of 2.2 m) deeper than the uncorrected profiles and is consistent with the sea floor from published tide corrected bathymetry data. The corrected seismic profiles were used in plotting the depth of the base of Holocene channel structures and to define their gradients. The applied correction methodology was also crucial in glacial and post-glacial valley features distinction, across profile correlation and establishing structural and stratigraphic framework of the study area.

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“…Previous work, [7]- [8], looked at shallow water waves which, using Table I, exist at sites unsuitable for tidal energy development. Typical sea gravity waves are 1.5 -150m in wavelength [9] and therefore, based on shallow water wave requirements, would have a water depth of <6m which is generally too shallow for turbine deployment as a water depth of 25 -50m is the operational depth range for seabed mounted tidal devices [10]. These studies used CFD codes ANSYS CFX and OpenFoam to make comparisons between the wave elevation using Wave-Maker Theory (WMT) and the numerical model results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a wave-current numerical model using Stokes 2nd Order Theory

2019

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The optimisation of a Numerical Wave Tank is proposed to accurately model the sub surface conditions generated by regular waves superimposed on a uniform current velocity. ANSYS CFX 18.0 was used to develop a homogenous multiphase model with volume fractions to define the different phase regions. By applying CFX Expression Language at the inlet of the model, Stokes 2nd Order Theory was used to define the upstream wave and current characteristics. Horizontal and vertical velocity components, as well as surface elevation of the numerical model were compared against theoretical and experimental wave data for 3 different wave characteristics in 2 different water depths. The comparison highlighted the numerical homogeneity between the theoretical and experimental data. Therefore, this study has shown that the modelling procedure used can accurately replicate experimental testing facility flow conditions, providing a potential substitute to experimental flume or tank testing.

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Types of Ocean Surface Waves, Wave Classification

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

Tidal and Thermal Stresses Drive Seismicity Along a Major Ross Ice Shelf Rift

Tidal and Thermal Stresses Drive Seismicity Along a Major Ross Ice Shelf Rift

Correction of water column height variation on 2D grid high-resolution seismic data using dGPS based methodology

Development of a wave-current numerical model using Stokes 2nd Order Theory

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