Types of Gastric Carcinomas

Abstract

Gastric cancer has reduced prevalence, but poor prognoses. To improve treatment, better knowledge of carcinogenesis and cells of origin should be sought. Stomach cancers are typically localized to one of the three mucosae; cardial, oxyntic and antral. Moreover, not only the stem cell, but the ECL cell may proliferate and give rise to tumours. According to Laurén, the classification of gastric carcinomas seems to reflect biological important differences and possible different cell of origin since the two subtypes, intestinal and diffuse, do not transform into the other and show different epidemiology. The stem cell probably gives rise to the intestinal type, whereas the ECL cell may be important in the diffuse type. Elevation of gastrin may be the carcinogenic factor for Helicobacter pylori as well as the recently described increased risk of gastric cancer due to proton pump inhibitor treatment. Therefore, it is essential to determine the role of the gastrin target cell, the ECL cell, in gastric carcinogenesis. Clinical trials with gastrin antagonists could improve prognoses in those with gastrin receptor positive tumours. However, further studies on gastric carcinomas applying relative available methods and with the highest sensitivity are warranted to improve our knowledge of gastric carcinogenesis.

Epstein-Barr virus miR-BART1-3p suppresses apoptosis and promotes migration of gastric carcinoma cells by targeting DAB2

“…Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the third most common cause of death (8.2% of all cancer deaths), and the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer [1]. To improve diagnosis or therapeutic intervention, GC has been classified in several different ways [2,3]. With the development of genomic technology and high-throughput sequencing, a new classification system for GC was proposed recently [4].…”

Gastric Stem Cells: Physiological and Pathological Perspectives

“…Regarding the development of neuroendocrine tumors in the stomach, enteroendocrine cells, especially the ECL cells, are generally regarded as the cell origin (Waldum and Fossmark, 2018). As stated before, some stem cells contribute to the production of enteroendocrine cells in the gastric epithelium (Table 1), but whether these stem cells can directly give rise to neuroendocrine tumors is not well determined.…”

Immunological Aspects of the Tumor Microenvironment and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Carcinogenesis

“…This classification is based on the Lauren system of classification and depends on its histological features [16][17][18][19][20]. Recently, a molecular classification of GCs was proposed that includes four subtypes of GC-microsatellite instable (MSI), chromosomal instable, Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) positive and genomically stable [21,22]. Based on recent clinical studies, the prognosis of GC is better among patients who also test positive for EBV within the gastric tumor microenvironment (approximately 9% of all GCs incidents) [23].…”