Types of Circuit Breaker and its Application in Substation Protection

Goh, Hui Hwang; Sim, Sy Yi; Hamzah, Nur Iskandar Bin; Mazlan, Sulaiman; Ling, Chin Wan; Chua, Qing Shi; Goh, Kai Chen

doi:10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp213-220

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A block diagram of the circuit protection and its components is presented in Fig. 3 .Various circuit protection mechanisms have been implemented 56 , 57 . However, in the proposed work, as the circuit works on a 5 V power supply (small voltage application), a voltage regulator is implemented to protect the circuit from overvoltage conditions, voltage spike suppression, and thermal protection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sensor system and data analytic framework for non-invasive blood glucose prediction

Rajeswari,

Vijayakumar

2024

Sci Rep

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Periodic quantification of blood glucose levels is performed using painful, invasive methods. The proposed work presents the development of a noninvasive glucose-monitoring device with two sensors, i.e., finger and wrist bands. The sensor system was designed with a near-infrared (NIR) wavelength of 940 nm emitter and a 900–1700 nm detector. This study included 101 diabetic and non-diabetic volunteers. The obtained dataset was subjected to pre-processing, exploratory data analysis (EDA), data visualization, and integration methods. Ambiguities such as the effects of skin color, ambient light, and finger pressure on the sensor were overcome in the proposed ‘niGLUC-2.0v’. niGLUC-2.0v was validated with performance metrics where accuracy of 99.02%, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.15, mean square error (MSE) of 0.22 for finger, and accuracy of 99.96%, MAE of 0.06, MSE of 0.006 for wrist prototype with ridge regression (RR) were achieved. Bland–Altman analysis was performed, where 98% of the data points were within ± 1.96 standard deviation (SD), 100% were under zone A of the Clarke Error Grid (CEG), and statistical analysis showed p < 0.05 on evaluated accuracy. Thus, niGLUC-2.0v is suitable in the medical and personal care fields for continuous real-time blood glucose monitoring.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sensor system and data analytic framework for non-invasive blood glucose prediction

Rajeswari,

Vijayakumar

2024

Sci Rep

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“…The CB exists in many forms, such as air CB, sf6 CB, oil CB, and vacuum CB [1]- [4]. Furthermore, CBs can be categorized into outdoor CBs and indoor CBs based on their sub-station.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early fault identification for operating circuit breaker based on classifier model system

Hussain¹,

Ahmed

Taha³

2022

IJEECS

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One of the most important switchgear in a substation is the circuit breaker (CB); it is used either in the transmission or distribution sections. Currently, the maintenance of a CB is done by capturing the trip time using a handheld device; the trip time is the time from trip initiation to the moment of current flow cessation in the load side of the CB. For the maintenance staff of the Iraqi National Power Board (INPB), their decision is mainly aimed to pinpoint the specific problem of the CB, the breaker parameters, such as latch, buffer, mcon, acon, and end which can be analysed using data mining methods such as K-means clustering and Sammon mapping (KCSM). The advantages of this approach include early identification of faults and saving more cost and time of repairing and replacing damaged CBs as the number of damaged CBs can be decreased. The problem with this method is the prolonged time of testing the conventional trip as it requires removing the CBs from service and planned outage. Furthermore, the CB may not capture the crucial information that causes slow tripping. Hence, the main objectives of this work are to analyse CB trip coil current data and study the effect and relationship between two different analytical approaches to analyse the data. The result of this technique showed excellent identification of the switch faults.

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“…For optimal reactive power and coordination between FACTS devices such as SVC and TCSC with other sources, simple particle swarm optimization (SPSO), evolutionary particle swarm optimization (ESPO), and adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithms were used [40]- [51]. Power flow modeling of the AC-DC hybrid HVDC multi-terminal system was presented in [52], [53], which achieved a very good power flow and convergence solution. In [54], a new power flow method including FACTS and HVDC devices was investigated in which the bass equations included a P-Q bus (in this bus the real power (P) and reactive power (Q) are specified) in the alternating current (AC) system to remove components from the AC system and increase the convergence speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of static var compensator-high voltage direct current to provide power and improve voltage profile

Javadian

Zadehbagheri

Kiani

et al. 2021

IJPEDS

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Transmission lines react to an unexpected increase in power, and if these power changes are not controlled, some lines will become overloaded on certain routes. Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices can change the voltage range and phase angle and thus control the power flow. This paper presents suitable mathematical modeling of FACTS<br />devices including static var compensator (SVC) as a parallel compensator and high voltage direct current (HVDC) bonding. A comprehensive modeling of SVC and HVDC bonding in the form of simultaneous applications for power flow is also performed, and the effects of compensations are compared. The comprehensive model obtained was implemented on the 5-bus test system in MATLAB software using the Newton-Raphson method, revealed that generators have to produce more power. Also, the addition of these devices stabilizes the voltage and controls active and reactive power in the network.

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Types of Circuit Breaker and its Application in Substation Protection

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Development of sensor system and data analytic framework for non-invasive blood glucose prediction

Development of sensor system and data analytic framework for non-invasive blood glucose prediction

Early fault identification for operating circuit breaker based on classifier model system

Modeling of static var compensator-high voltage direct current to provide power and improve voltage profile

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