Types of Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Replication Analysis

Reimherr, Frederick W.; Roesler, Michael; Marchant, Barrie K.; Gift, Thomas E.; Retz, Wolfgang; Philipp, Florence; Reimherr, Matthew

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3436299

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Third, aggression in childhood has been found to predict criminality later in life [ 72 ], and personality traits of negative emotionality have been linked to criminal activity [ 80 ]. Adding ED severity to the concept of ADHD is in line with Reimherr et al, who emphasize a two-factor solution for ADHD subgroups, with a presentation consisting solely of inattention and a more comprehensive hyperactivity-impulsivity-emotional dysregulation presentation [ 81 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Prevalence of criminal convictions in Norwegian adult ADHD outpatients and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation

Anker¹,

Ginsberg

Heir

2021

BMC Psychiatry

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Objectives Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occurs with antisocial behaviour. Several studies have shown high rates of ADHD among prisoners. However, the prevalence of crime among individuals with ADHD is less known. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of lifetime criminal conviction (CC) in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD, and the associations with the severity of ADHD and emotional dysregulation (ED). Methods Patients were admitted to a private psychiatric outpatient clinic in Oslo between 2014 and 2018. Of the 656 patients diagnosed with ADHD, 629 (95.9%) agreed to participate in the study. CC was determined based on self-reporting of the lifetime history of criminal behaviour. ADHD was diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria, and ADHD severity was measured using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). ED was assessed by the eight-item version of Barkley’s Current Behaviour Scale - Self-Report (CBS-SR). Results The prevalence of self-reported CC in this clinical sample was 11.7% among women and 24.5% among men. CC was associated with hyperactive-impulsive severity (p < 0.001) and ED (p = 0.006). Conclusions The prevalence of self-reported lifetime criminal conviction was high for both genders. CC was associated with symptom severity of hyperactivity-impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. The findings suggest the need for greater research efforts on the avoidance of criminal activity in people with ADHD and targeted intervention for ADHD treatment and CC prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Prevalence of criminal convictions in Norwegian adult ADHD outpatients and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation

Anker¹,

Ginsberg

Heir

2021

BMC Psychiatry

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“…The high prevalence of ED in the ADHD group and the large effect size compared to the control group might support the positioning of ED as a central core symptom in ADHD (27,31,33). Yet, the different pattern of clinical outcomes that depends on ED severity in young adults with ADHD might support the notion that those that have both ADHD and high levels of ED form a distinct entity or sub-type (35,45,61).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The de nition and measurement of ED are in substantial disarray in general, and speci cally in ADHD, re ecting different perspectives on the relationship between ED and ADHD (31). On the one hand, ED was suggested to be an additional core symptom speci c to ADHD or at least to a subtype of ADHD with which certain facets of ED are uniquely associated (such as temper control, affective lability, emotional over reactivity, emotional impulsivity and de cient emotional selfregulation) (31)(32)(33)(34)(35). This perspective is supported by the high prevalence of ED in ADHD, regardless of comorbidities (27,34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Dysregulation And Quality of Life In Young Adults With ADHD- A Cross Sectional Study

Cohen

Eldar

Maeir

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with emotional dysregulation (ED) and impaired quality of life (QoL). However, the role of ED in explaining the relationship between ADHD and QoL is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to do so in a sample of non-referred young adults with and without ADHD.Method: The study design was cross-sectional. A non-clinical sample of 62 young adults with ADHD (mean age = 24.86 years, SD = 3.25) and 69 controls (mean age = 23.84 years, SD = 2.59) were recruited. The Adult ADHD Quality-of-Life scale was used to measure QoL; The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was used to measure ADHD symptoms. The Self-Report Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale were used to measure ED. Group differences on all measures were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance, while controlling for age. Univariate analyses of variance were conducted to investigate the possible effect of medication on all outcome measures in the ADHD group. Finally, a moderation analysis was used in order to examine the impact of ED on QoL beyond that accounted for by ADHD symptoms.Results: Both QoL and ED were significantly worse for the ADHD group compared to the control group. The medication status of the ADHD group participants had no significant effect on the level of ADHD symptoms, ED or QoL. ED moderated the effect of ADHD symptoms on QoL for the ADHD group.Conclusion: The findings support the centrality of ED in ADHD and its crucial influence on QoL. Young adults with ADHD and high levels of ED are at risk for aversive impact on their well-being regardless of their ADHD symptoms level.

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“…ADHD is often accompanied by affective and behavioral problems [ 19 ] that are not included in the ADHD criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) [ 20 ]. Multiple studies have evidenced that people with ADHD have more comorbid internalizing (e.g., depressive, anxious, and somatic symptoms) and externalizing symptoms (e.g., oppositional defiance and conduct problems) than do people without ADHD [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Comorbid internalizing and externalizing symptoms not only worsen functional outcomes during childhood [ 27 ] but also predict ADHD persistence from childhood into adulthood and adverse outcomes in adulthood among children with ADHD [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did Affiliate Stigma Predict Affective and Behavioral Outcomes in Caregivers and Their Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Chang

Chen

Hsiao

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The aim of this follow-up study was to examine the predictive values of caregivers’ affiliate stigma at baseline for depression in caregivers and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 1 year later. The Study on Affiliate Stigma in Caregivers of Children with ADHD surveyed the levels of affiliate stigma and depression in 400 caregivers and the behavioral problems of their children with ADHD. The levels of the caregivers’ depression and children’s behavioral problems were assessed 1 year later. The associations of caregivers’ affiliate stigma at baseline with depression in caregivers and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children with ADHD at follow-up were examined using stepwise multiple regression. The results indicated that before caregivers’ depression and children’s behavioral problems at baseline were controlled, caregivers’ affiliate stigma at baseline positively predicted caregivers’ depression and all children’s behavioral problems. After caregivers’ depression and children’s behavioral problems at baseline were controlled, caregivers’ affiliate stigma at baseline still positively predicted children’s affective and somatic problems. Parenting training and cognitive behavioral therapy should be provided to caregivers with intense affiliate stigma to prevent emotional problems and difficulties in managing their children’s behavioral problems.

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Types of Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Replication Analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of criminal convictions in Norwegian adult ADHD outpatients and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation

Prevalence of criminal convictions in Norwegian adult ADHD outpatients and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation

Emotional Dysregulation And Quality of Life In Young Adults With ADHD- A Cross Sectional Study

Did Affiliate Stigma Predict Affective and Behavioral Outcomes in Caregivers and Their Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

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