Types and Dimensions of Fiber Scales from the Wool Types of Domestic Sheep and Wild Life

Mahal, Gurbax Singh; Johnston, A.M.; Burns, Robert H.

doi:10.1177/004051755102100205

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The number of scales per 100 µm is 8.6 and 8.4 and the scale height 18.96 μm and 18.27 μm, respectively, for raw and pulled wool. These results are in agreement with those of Mahal et al [20]. In their investigation, they proved that the average number of scales per 100 µm for medium wool is approximately eight.…”

Section: Sem Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

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Effect of the Chemical Unhairing Process on Pulled Wool Characteristics

Olfa

Harizi

Msahli

2022

Fibres &Amp; Textiles in Eastern Europe

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Textile research is being driven to find sustainable materials as an alternative to raw fibers. In fact, reusing fibrous waste, as a byproduct, is one of the most important environmental challenges that confront the world. This research focused on studying pulled wool fibers as a natural fiber to reduce environmental loading. There are large amounts of residual pulled wool fibers that can be recycled and valorised. Therefore, raw and pulled wool fibers were characterized and compared. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) results show that on the pulled wool fiber, the surface became rougher and the scales appear affected and less dense. Based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the crystallinity of the pulled fiber decreased lightly. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infra Red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analyzes presented some changes in chemical composition. A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) test showed an increase in the amount of cystic acids. The pulled wool fiber indicates that it might have damaged some crosslinks of macromolecular chains in the fiber. Thus, physical, chemical and mechanical properties are affected during the chemical unhairing process. This research purpose was to increase the potential for better value of pulled wool as it presents the natural fiber most used in several applications.

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Section: Sem Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The scale index, which is the ratio of scale height to fiber diameter [20], is equal to 0.743 for raw wool and 0.703 for pulled wool. Figure 2c, which presents raw wool, and Figure 2d, which presents the fiber after alkali treatment, show that scales height decreased, and as a result the scale index decreased.…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Chemical Unhairing Process on Pulled Wool Characteristics

Olfa

Harizi

Msahli

2022

Fibres &Amp; Textiles in Eastern Europe

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“…On the other hand, it is apparent that as fibre diameter increased, scale type tended to become imbricate. This result conforms with the findings of Mahal et al (1951) who found that as the diameter increases, the scales become imbricate. Frequency of shearing was found to have highly significant (P < 0.01) effect on type of scaliness in fine fibres and a non-significant effect on type of scaliness of the coarse fibres (Table 2).…”

Section: (B) Type Of Scaliness :-supporting

confidence: 93%

“…The corresponding values of Ossimi fleeces were 8.36 and 7.00 for fine and coarse wool fibres, respectively . These values are higher than those reported by Mahal et al (1951) who found that the average number of Sc/100 µ was 7.2 on the wool fibres, 5.3 on the hair fibres and 6.8 on the kemp fibres. On the other hand, the present values are less than those suggested by Mathews (1947) who reported that the average Sc / 100 µ ranged from 10 to 12 in fine wool fibres.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 71%

Objective Measurements and Subjective Assessments of Domestic Wool Clip in Relation to the Carpet Manufacture

Abdel-Moneim

El-Gabbas

Abdel-Maguid

et al. 2000

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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Wool samples from 125 Barki and Ossimi ewes were used to assess some objective and subjective wool traits, which are related to the carpet wool manufacture. The effects of breed and clipping times (once or twice a year) were investigated.The fine fibres of Barki wool had significantly (P < 0.05) less number of scales/100µ (8.03) than those of Ossimi wool (8.36), but no significant difference in number of scales/100 µ was detected in case of the coarse fibres of both breeds (7.14 in Barki vs. 7.00 in Ossimi). Two main types of scales, i.e. coronal and imbricate, were observed in the wool of the two breeds. Wool wax % was significantly (P< 0.01) higher in Barki (14.8 %) than Ossimi (8.48 %) fleeces. Barki wool was found to be significantly (P<0.01) more bulky (28.2 vs. 24.3 cm 3 /g) and resilient (9.74 vs. 8.44 cm 3 /g) than Ossimi wool. Barki and Ossimi fleeces did not significantly differ in yellowness and brightness.Concerning subjective appraisals of wool, kemp score, greasy colour grade, scoured colour grade, and lustre grade showed no significant difference between the two studied breeds, but handle grade and bulk grade were significantly (P<0.01) different. Handle of Barki wool was better (average) than that of Ossimi (slight harsher than average-to-average). Barki wool was nearly of medium compressibility, while that of Ossimi wool was less compressible than average-to-medium compressibility.Once per year -shorn Barki fleeces proved to be significantly (P<0.01) more bulky, had more number of scales in fine and coarse fibres, contained higher percentage of coronal scales in fine fibres and less wax content. Twice year -shorn fleeces were brighter (P<0.01) and contained (P<0.01) more imbricate scales in fine fibres.

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“…The edges of the scales in the coronal pattern face away from the fibre axis and tend to grow around the fibre in a semi-circle. Wool fibres with a diameter of less than 25 µm show coronal pattern of scales 23 . Reticulate type scales are irregular in size and shape and appear randomly distributed on the surface of the fibre.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of novel parameters for characterising scale morphology of wool fibre and its correlation with dye diffusion coefficient of acid dye

Paul,

Hewitt,

Rana

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This paper reports the development of novel surface parameters which can be used to characterise the scale structure of wool fibres obtained from different breeds. Scanning electron microscopy and subsequent image analysis technique were used to study wool fibres from Leicester, Dartmoor, Ryeland and Herdwick breeds of sheep. Novel scale parameters related to wool fibre’s effective chemical diffusion pathway were developed. Namely, the total scale perimeter per 100 µm fibre length and scale perimeter index, which is the total scale perimeter per 100 µm length divided by the fibre diameter. Wool fibres obtained from different breeds showed significant differences in their scale pattern with the change in fibre diameter. The scale perimeter per 100 µm length increased with the fibre diameter and showed a polynomial correlation. It was also demonstrated that an increase in the diameter of the wool fibre resulted in an increase in the apparent dye diffusion coefficient, which contrasts the established theory that finer fibres are associated with a higher dyeing rate. The increase in effective diffusion pathway (total scale perimeter per 100 µm) for the wool fibres (among different breeds) resulted in a higher dye diffusion rate at the initial phase of dyeing (liquor to surface).

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Types and Dimensions of Fiber Scales from the Wool Types of Domestic Sheep and Wild Life

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of the Chemical Unhairing Process on Pulled Wool Characteristics

Effect of the Chemical Unhairing Process on Pulled Wool Characteristics

Objective Measurements and Subjective Assessments of Domestic Wool Clip in Relation to the Carpet Manufacture

Development of novel parameters for characterising scale morphology of wool fibre and its correlation with dye diffusion coefficient of acid dye

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