Type-specific streptococcal antibodies in amniotic fluid

Gray, Barry M.; Springfield, Janet D.; Dillon, Hugh C.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(87)90074-3

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It contains a large and regulated amount of fluid [15] which provides a mechanical protection of the conceptus against physical trauma. An additional role as an immune barrier against bacteria from the maternal genito-urinary tract has been suggested by the presence of Ab to these pathogens in the Amf [16]. IgG is the main amniotic isotype (Quan et al, manuscript in preparation) but IgA and secretory IgA are also present, reinforcing Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Human amniotic IgA inhibits natural IgG autoantibodies of maternal or unrelated origin

Quan

Watanabe

Forestier³

et al. 1998

Eur. J. Immunol.

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We show that the natural autoantibody activity of amniotic IgG dramatically increases after purification, and that the IgG-depleted fraction can suppress the activity of IgG natural antibodies from amniotic fluid or from the maternal serum. This suppression is also observed towards serum IgG from unrelated adults but does not impair the tetanus antitoxin activity of serum-derived IgG. Absorption experiments and immunoglobulin separation by gel permeation demonstrate that this suppression is due to monomeric immunoglobulins of the IgA isotype. The inhibition is associated with an anti-F(ab')2 activity of the amniotic IgA, involving hypervariable regions of the IgG as demonstrated by different reactivities towards monoclonal IgG sharing the same family of VH and Vkappa domains. These results indicate that the inhibition of natural autoantibodies not only occurs with fetal and adult serum IgM, as reported by other groups, but also with amniotic IgA, suggesting a general and important phenomenon. In the case of the amniotic fluid, IgA could protect the fetus against maternal IgG autoantibodies without interfering with simultaneously translocated antigen-induced IgG antibodies to pathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Human amniotic IgA inhibits natural IgG autoantibodies of maternal or unrelated origin

Quan

Watanabe

Forestier³

et al. 1998

Eur. J. Immunol.

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“…The fetus is surrounded by amnionic fluid. This fluid contains immunoglobulins, primarily IgG (Cederqvist et al, 1978;Blanco et al, 1983), in which low levels of antibody activity to microorganisms such as group B streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae have been detected (Gray et al, 1987). Amnionic fluid also contains several immune elements that can be found in salivary tissue.…”

Section: Igg Igd Igamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of Immunity to Oral Microbiota in Humans

Smith

Taubman

1992

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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This article reviews the ontogeny of immune systems in the human oral cavity that may influence the colonization, accumulation, or pathogenesis of oral microbiota. The prenatal development of cellular components associated with the secretary immune system reveals that theseinitial organization of tissue into Peyer's patches can first be detected immunohistologically at 11 weeks gestation. Epithelial cells positive for secretory component and immunocytes positive for IgM can be detected in salivary gland tissue by 19 to 20 weeks and continue to predominate during gestation. After birth, immunocytes containing IgA begin to dominate. Essentially, no IgA can be detected in saliva at birth. However, salivary IgA and IgM often appear soon thereafter, presumably in response to environmental antigenic and mitogenic challenges. Salivary IgA in young infants has molecular characteristics of secretory IgA and becomes the quantitatively predominate Ig in saliva. Both IgA subclasses are present in proportions characteristic of adult pure glandular salivas in many 1to 2-month-old infants, although the appearance of IgA2 is delayed in some subjects. Many innate, antibody, and cellular immune components are found in maternal colostrum and breast milk. The antibacterial properties of these maternal factors are diverse and can exert multifaceted protective effects on the infant's alimentary tract. The infant apparently can mount mucosal immune responses quite early in life. For example, salivary antibody activity to organisms that originally colonize the gut (e.g., E. coli) or the oral cavity (e.g., S. mitis, S. salivarius) can be detected by 1 to 2 months of age. Most of this antibody activity has characteristics of secretory IgA, although some IgM antibody can also be initially detected. Salivary IgAl and IgA2 antibody specificities to S. mitis and S. salivarius components increase qualitatively and quantitatively during the first few years of life. Salivary IgA antibody to components of streptococci that require hard surfaces for colonization (e.g., S. sanguis and mutans streptococci) generally appear after tooth eruption. The loss of placentally derived maternal IgG antibody specificities to these microbiota in the circulation is replaced by de novo synthesis, presumably as a result of the teething process. These IgG antibodies can enter the oral cavity in the gingival crevicular fluid and by the process of teething. The collective contributions in the oral cavity of innate and antibody-based immune elements from the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (and milk if breast feeding) may be considered together with diet, infectious dose, salivary receptors, and tooth integuments, as factors that can determine the outcome of initial colonization events on erupting tooth surfaces.

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“…Antibodies against complete GBS type II antigen were measured by an ELISA method similar to that previously described (Gray, Pritchard & Dillon, 1985), except that the assays were done entirely in plastic microtiter wells (Dynatech Laboratories, Alexandria, VA) and an anti-F(ab')2 conjugate was used to detect antibodies of all classes (Gray, Springfield & Dillon, 1987). The GBS type II polysaccharide was prepared from Lancefield strain 18RS21 by mutanolysin extraction essentially as described by DeCuenink et al (1982).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of group B streptococcus type II antibody specificity

et al. 1988

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The specificity of human antibodies for the two major sidechain determinants of the type II group B streptococcal (GBS) polysaccharide was examined in 90 pairs of maternal and cord sera. Using an ELISA system, total antibody was measured against the complete (sialylated) type II antigen and the proportion of antibody against the galactose determinant was estimated by inhibition with free beta-methylgalactopyranoside. Mothers colonized by type II or by other GBS types had higher levels of total specific antibody (means, 3.3 and 4.7 micrograms/ml, respectively) than those not colonized (mean, 2.2 micrograms/ml). Cord sera averaged 1-2 micrograms/ml lower than maternal sera. Colonization with GBS was also associated with higher levels against the galactose determinant (mean, 1.5 micrograms/ml, compared to 0.7 micrograms/ml for those not colonized). The distribution of specificities favoured antibodies against the sialic acid determinant in maternal but not cord sera. Specificity as well as antibody level may play a role in the epidemiology of GBS type II.

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Type-specific streptococcal antibodies in amniotic fluid

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Human amniotic IgA inhibits natural IgG autoantibodies of maternal or unrelated origin

Human amniotic IgA inhibits natural IgG autoantibodies of maternal or unrelated origin

Ontogeny of Immunity to Oral Microbiota in Humans

Seroepidemiology of group B streptococcus type II antibody specificity

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