Type, Sources, Methods and Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater

Shumbula, Poslet; Maswanganyi, Collet; Shumbula, Ndivhuwo P.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.101347

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Generally, solids are an important factor for sewage treatment processes. Sewage also contains high load of organic pollutants, namely, phenolic compounds, dioxins and dibenzofurans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organochlorine pesticides [26]. Organic pollutants are highly resistant to environmental degradation via physical, chemical and biological processes.…”

Section: Characteristics and Composition Of Sewagementioning

confidence: 99%

Constructed Wetlands Process for Treating Sewage to Improve the Quantitative and Qualitative Management of Groundwater Resources

Achak¹,

Barka²,

Lamy³

2023

Sustainable Development

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Water scarcity limits access to safe water for drinking and communities face some form of water stress, which can be related to insufficient supplies or inadequate infrastructures. Climate change plays a crucial role in water stress worldwide, as rising temperatures lead to more unpredictable weather and extreme weather events. In face of this challenge, the need to seek an alternative to protect groundwater resources and to decrease the use of public water is imposed. Sewage management seems to be a significant treatment of removing contaminants and undesirable components from polluted waters and safely return it to environment for irrigation and other uses. For this consideration, many treatment technologies are discussed in the literature including biological, physical and chemical processes. Among biological processes principally used for the treatment of sewage figured constructed wetlands. Constructed wetland system is considered as an economic, efficient and environmentally friendly sewage treatment method, based on adsorption and retention of pollutants by substrates, sorption by plants, and decomposition by microorganisms. Therefore, the chapter of this book throws will light on the principal mechanisms responsible to organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus removal in different types of constructed wetlands, and provides recommendations concerning the factors affecting pollutants removal performance of constructed wetlands from sewage.

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Section: Characteristics and Composition Of Sewagementioning

confidence: 99%

Constructed Wetlands Process for Treating Sewage to Improve the Quantitative and Qualitative Management of Groundwater Resources

Achak¹,

Barka²,

Lamy³

2023

Sustainable Development

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“…An organic substance Is considered a POP if it meets the following criteria: it is persistent, with a half-life in water of over 60 days, over 2 days in air, and in sediment over 180 days [ 102 ]; it has a high transport capacity at long distances by water, air, and migratory organisms [ 103 ]; it has bioaccumulation and bioamplification characteristics [ 104 , 105 , 106 ]; and it is noxious, with negative impacts for both the human health and the environment [ 94 , 107 ].…”

Section: Human-induced Stressors’ Effects On Freshwater Ecosystem Cha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater as a Sustainable Resource and Generator of Secondary Resources in the 21st Century: Stressors, Threats, Risks, Management and Protection Strategies, and Conservation Approaches

Bănăduc

Simić

Cianfaglione

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This paper is a synthetic overview of some of the threats, risks, and integrated water management elements in freshwater ecosystems. The paper provides some discussion of human needs and water conservation issues related to freshwater systems: (1) introduction and background; (2) water basics and natural cycles; (3) freshwater roles in human cultures and civilizations; (4) water as a biosphere cornerstone; (5) climate as a hydrospheric ‘game changer’ from the perspective of freshwater; (6) human-induced stressors’ effects on freshwater ecosystem changes (pollution, habitat fragmentation, etc.); (7) freshwater ecosystems’ biological resources in the context of unsustainable exploitation/overexploitation; (8) invasive species, parasites, and diseases in freshwater systems; (9) freshwater ecosystems’ vegetation; (10) the relationship between human warfare and water. All of these issues and more create an extremely complex matrix of stressors that plays a driving role in changing freshwater ecosystems both qualitatively and quantitatively, as well as their capacity to offer sustainable products and services to human societies. Only internationally integrated policies, strategies, assessment, monitoring, management, protection, and conservation initiatives can diminish and hopefully stop the long-term deterioration of Earth’s freshwater resources and their associated secondary resources.

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“…Aldrin, DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, endrin, hexachlorobenzene, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, toxaphene, chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor, mirex, polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins are some of the organic pollutants intentionally or unintentionally produced and introduced into the environment due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and endless anthropogenic activities (Nidheesh et al., 2018; Shumbula et al., 2022). They have weak compostable nature and are unfavorable in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient degradation of dyes by enhanced chitosan nanocarriers loaded 1000C Boneset

Revathi

Dey

2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Around 105 tons of synthetic dyes are produced every day. Each year, textile waste effluents release non‐biodegradable textile dyes into natural streams and underwater bodies. Due to harmless and less time‐consuming properties, nanoparticle synthesis from plants has recently been experimented with. These herbs belong to a big genus of tropical composite herbs with heads of white or purple flowers primarily found in the tropics. They have several medical applications. In this study for different concentrations of chitosan, Boneset 1000C is formulated. Nanocarrier boneset 1000C loaded using ionotropic gelation method were used. Boneset 1000C with different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) for both molecular weight chitosan nanocarriers obtained 33% for low molecular (LM) and 99% for high molecular (HM) encapsulation efficiency. Nanocarriers were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer at 365 nm, FTIR, antioxidant assay, and scanning electron microscope. Mean particle size of 1000C formed by 0.5% HM and 1.5% LM were found to be spherical in shape with sizes 73.79 and 75.08 nm, respectively. Antioxidant assay resulted in inhibitory values of 84.42 and 34.36 mg for the test sample and quercetin respectively. The performance of chitosan with and without nanoparticles for dye degradation showed a 33% reduction in commercial dyes.

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Type, Sources, Methods and Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater

Cited by 9 publications

References 81 publications

Constructed Wetlands Process for Treating Sewage to Improve the Quantitative and Qualitative Management of Groundwater Resources

Constructed Wetlands Process for Treating Sewage to Improve the Quantitative and Qualitative Management of Groundwater Resources

Freshwater as a Sustainable Resource and Generator of Secondary Resources in the 21st Century: Stressors, Threats, Risks, Management and Protection Strategies, and Conservation Approaches

Efficient degradation of dyes by enhanced chitosan nanocarriers loaded 1000C Boneset

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