Type of Vegetarian Diet, Body Weight, and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes

Tonstad, Serena; Butler, Terry; Yan, Ru; Fraser, Gary E.

doi:10.2337/dc08-1886

Cited by 485 publications

(443 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Other possible mechanisms may involve advanced glycation end-products [63], increased levels of inflammatory mediators [13,47,64] and γ-glutamyltransferase [65], and lower levels of adiponectin [66] with high meat intake. Our finding of a positive association between meat intake and type 2 diabetes risk is consistent with the 35-50% lower risk [23] or prevalence [16,67,68] of type 2 diabetes among vegetarians compared with omnivores.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Meat consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2009

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Aims/hypothesis Diet is thought to play an important role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have found positive associations between meat consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes, but the results have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of meat consumption and type 2 diabetes risk. Methods We searched several databases for cohort studies on meat consumption and type 2 diabetes risk, up to December 2008. Summary relative risks were estimated by use of a random-effects model. Results We identified 12 cohort studies. The estimated summary RR and 95% confidence interval of type 2 diabetes comparing high vs low intake was 1.17 (95% CI 0.92-1.48) for total meat, 1.21 (95% CI 1.07-1.38) for red meat and 1.41 (95% CI 1.25-1.60) for processed meat. There was heterogeneity amongst the studies of total, red and processed meat which, to some degree, was explained by the study characteristics. Conclusions/interpretation These results suggest that meat consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the possibility that residual confounding could explain this association cannot be excluded.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Meat consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2009

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“…3,4 Reasons for disproportionate disease are likely multifactorial, but unfavorable diet almost certainly contributes. For instance, diets low in fruits and vegetables are thought to contribute to obesity, chronic disease, and early mortality, 5,6 and the Bronx has the highest percentage of NYC residents reporting no fruits or vegetables consumed the previous day (18.2% vs. 9.1% in Manhattan, for example). 4 A substantial and growing body of evidence relates low fruit-and-vegetable intake with having limited nearby sources of fresh produce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Carts (Mobile Produce Vendors) in the Bronx—Optimally Positioned to Meet Neighborhood Fruit-and-Vegetable Needs?

et al. 2011

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Poor access to fresh produce likely contributes to disparities in obesity and diet-related diseases in the Bronx. New York City's Green Cart program is a partial response to the problem. We evaluated this program (permitting street vendors to sell fresh produce) by canvassing the Bronx for carts, interviewing vendors, and analyzing their locations and food offerings. Green Carts were clustered in areas of probable high pedestrian traffic, covering only about 57% of needy areas by liberal estimates. Some carts sold outside allowed boundaries; a few sold sugary snacks. Vendor locations and their food offerings suggest possible areas for program improvement.

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“…Dietary habit was mixed in 39 (97.5%) patients and only 1(2.5%) patient was pure vegetarian (Table 1). Tonstad et al reported that DM more is common in nonvegetarians than vegetarians and vegetarians had low risk of type-2 diabetes than non-vegetarians [36]. Among 40 patients, 24 (60%) had positive family history of DM (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Spirulina (Tahlab) in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Ziabetus Shakri) - A Randomized Controlled Trial

Alam¹,

Ma²,

Quamri³

et al. 2016

J Diabetes Metab

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Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) (Ziabetus Shakri) is a common metabolic disease affecting 150,000,000 people worldwide. Despite the recent advancements in management of Diabetes its relative co-morbidities and mortality is ever increasing globally. Unani scholars had claimed the effectiveness of several anti-diabetic drugs in the classical texts in the management of DM, but it lacks scientific documentation. Hence, a clinical trial was contemplated to evaluate the efficacy of test drug Tahlab (Spirulina) in patients of type 2 DM. Methods:The study was a single blind randomized standard control conducted on 40 patients of type 2 DM. 30 subjects were allocated to test and 10 to control group. Test group received 7 grams of Tahlab powder twice a day, and control group received Metformin (500 mg) 1 tablet twice a day for a period of 45 days. Subjective and objective parameters were assessed at 0, 15 th , 30 th , 45 th day. Results:The Mean score for FBS in test group has declined from 245.53 to 204.87 and PPBS from 345.73 to 303.67 respectively. The Mean score for FBS in control group has declined from 227.60 to 191.80 and PPBS from 329.60 to 282.80 respectively. Intergroup comparison revealed test drug to be similar to that of control drug in reducing FBS and PPBS. HbA1c and urine sugar remained unaltered in both groups. The results were assessed statistically using two tailed student t test, paired proportion test and Fischer exact test. Conclusions:The study revealed that the test drug is safe and equally effective when compared to control drug.

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Type of Vegetarian Diet, Body Weight, and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract: OBJECTIVE -We assessed the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in people following different types of vegetarian diets compared with that in nonvegetarians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Cited by 485 publications

References 23 publications

Meat consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Meat consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Green Carts (Mobile Produce Vendors) in the Bronx—Optimally Positioned to Meet Neighborhood Fruit-and-Vegetable Needs?

Efficacy of Spirulina (Tahlab) in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Ziabetus Shakri) - A Randomized Controlled Trial

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