Type of Explant Affects In Vitro Development and Multiplication Success of the Rare Halophyte Plant Honckenya Peploides L. Ehrh

Abstract

The sea sandwort—Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh. is—a rare halophilous plant growing on dunes and is an endangered species on the Polish coast. It contributes to the stabilization of volatile sandy substrate, facilitating the colonization of other species. The present study determined the reaction of two types of explant: apical shoot fragments and fragments from a lower portion of the shoot. Apical shoot fragments were used to propagate and root sea sandwort plants due to the positive impact on the development of shoots and roots. Regardless of the plant growth regulators applied in the medium, the lateral meristems on the explants from the lower parts of the shoot stopped growing, and then yellowed and died out. Apical fragments of shoots developed higher and more numerous shoots and longer and more numerous roots than explants, which were fragments collected from lower parts of shoots. The findings indicated that propagation should be conducted on Murashige and Skoog medium with the addition of 1 mg∙dm−3 kinetin, whereas shoots with their apical fragments should be rooted with the addition of 1.5 mg∙dm−3 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. The results also showed that the addition of NaCl at concentrations of 25 and 50 mM did not restrict their growth, thereby indicating the tolerance of the plant to soil salinity. However, an increase in the concentration of NaCl in the medium to 75 mM restricted the development of plants, and the shoots were lower and roots were shorter and less numerous.

Halophytic Clonal Plant Species: Important Functional Aspects for Existence in Heterogeneous Saline Habitats

“…In a study where spray with sea water was performed separately on female and male individuals, it was shown that it had a positive effect on root and shoot growth only on the background of nutrient addition-stimulated growth [187]. Using stem apical and nodal explants for propagation in tissue culture, it was evident that root growth was inhibited already at 25 mM NaCl in cultivation medium, but shoot growth was negatively affected only at 75 mM NaCl [188].…”

Application of In Vitro Plant Tissue Culture Techniques to Halophyte Species: A Review

“…The MS basal medium, at full, half-, or less frequently double-concentrated, is the most used for rooting, as found for S. brachiata , which suggests that shoot multiplication conditions, as well as genotype, may also influence the rooting efficiency [ 61 , 62 , 134 ]. For instance, Kulpa et al [ 81 ] described how the origin of the shoot (apical > basal) and the type of cytokinin used for shoot multiplication of H. peploides had a significant impact on the size and number of roots—meta-Topolin (mT) improved spontaneous rooting when compared to BAP and Kin [ 81 ]. Similarly, the shoots of J. roemerianus regenerated with BAP supplementation induced the production of adventitious roots, but not those supplemented with TDZ [ 87 ].…”