Type III Interferons in Antiviral Defenses at Barrier Surfaces

Wells, Alexandra I.; Coyne, Carolyn B.

doi:10.1016/j.it.2018.08.008

Cited by 111 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…One of the major functions of NSs is the downregulation of type I interferon (IFN) responses, which occurs through downregulation of general host gene transcription and the direct inhibition of IFN-β mRNA production [27,28,32]. Whereas in most cell types, type I IFNs play a major role in innate immunity, in cells of epithelial origin, such as the cells of the placenta, innate immunity is regulated by type III IFNs, referred to as IFN-λ [33]. Importantly, both type I and type III IFNs trigger the JAK/STAT pathway, which was shown to be targeted by NSs [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley fever virus targets the maternal-foetal interface in ovine and human placentas

et al. 2020

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Background Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus of the order Bunyavirales that causes severe disease in ruminants and humans. Outbreaks in sheep herds are characterised by newborn fatalities and abortion storms. The association of RVFV infections with abortions of ovines and other ruminants is well recognized, whereas the pathology resulting in abortion has remained undescribed. Accumulating evidence suggests that RVFV is abortogenic in humans as well, warranting more research on the interaction of RVFV with the ruminant and human placenta. Methodology/Principal findings Pregnant ewes were inoculated with a highly virulent strain of RVFV and necropsied at different days post infection. Tissues were collected and analysed by PCR, virus isolation, and immunohistochemistry. The results show that RVFV replicates efficiently in maternal placental epithelial cells before the virus infects foetal trophoblasts. Moreover, the virus was shown to bypass the maternal epithelial cell layer by directly targeting foetal trophoblasts in the haemophagous zone, a region of the ovine placenta where maternal blood is in direct contact with foetal cells. Abortion was associated with widespread necrosis of placental tissues accompanied with severe haemorrhages. Experiments with human placental explants revealed that the same virus strain replicates efficiently in both cyto-and syncytiotrophoblasts. Conclusions/Significance This study demonstrates that RVFV targets the foetal-maternal interface in both ovine and human placentas. The virus was shown to cross the ovine placental barrier via two distinct routes, ultimately resulting in placental and foetal demise followed by abortion. Our finding that RVFV replicates efficiently in human trophoblasts underscores the risk of RVFV infection for human pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley fever virus targets the maternal-foetal interface in ovine and human placentas

et al. 2020

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“…This is conceivable because enterocytes are the dominant cell population in both differentiated human intestinal organoids and the native human intestinal epithelium. Type III IFNs have been shown to be selectively upregulated upon viral infections in human enteroids and human intestinal mucosa 34,35 . We then assessed type I-III IFN response in human enteroids upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Nature Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of bat and human intestinal organoids by SARS-CoV-2

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2020

Nat Med

480

500

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A novel coronavirus-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-emerged in humans in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since disseminated globally 1,2 . As of April 16, 2020, the confirmed case count of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had surpassed 2 million. Based on full-genome sequence analysis, SARS-CoV-2 shows high homology to SARS-related coronaviruses identified in horseshoe bats 1,2 . Here we show the establishment and characterization of expandable intestinal organoids derived from horseshoe bats of the Rhinolophus sinicus species that can recapitulate bat intestinal epithelium. These bat enteroids are fully susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and sustain robust viral replication. Development of gastrointestinal symptoms in some patients with COVID-19 and detection of viral RNA in fecal specimens suggest that SARS-CoV-2 might cause enteric, in addition to respiratory, infection 3,4 . Here we demonstrate active replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human intestinal organoids and isolation of infectious virus from the stool specimen of a patient with diarrheal COVID-19. Collectively, we established the first expandable organoid culture system of bat intestinal epithelium and present evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can infect bat intestinal cells. The robust SARS-CoV-2 replication in human intestinal organoids suggests that the human intestinal tract might be a transmission route of SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Recently, it has become clear that particular type III IFNs (IL-28/29), or IFN lambdas, which were discovered in 2003 [22,23], play a prominent role in defense of epithelial surfaces such as that in the lung (reviewed in [3,5,24]). They bind to a distinct heterodimeric receptor consisting of IFNLR1 and IL10RB (as opposed to type I IFN that binds to IFNAR1/2), but seem to trigger downstream signaling that is very similar to the type I IFN-induced pathways, and are also induced by the same PRRs as those triggering type I IFNs.…”

Section: Importance and Composition Of Innate Immune Responses Againsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To facilitate comparison between the respiratory viruses described here, known and arguably important innate immune evasion strategies are listed, and for each strategy it is discussed how each virus group exploits its own mechanism. Innate immune evasion obviously links to the innate immune responses that are known to be elicited by respiratory and other (RNA) viruses, and while this will be elaborated to a limited extent below, they have also been reviewed comprehensively in recent reviews by others [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune Evasion by Human Respiratory RNA Viruses

2019

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The impact of respiratory virus infections on the health of children and adults can be very significant. Yet, in contrast to most other childhood infections as well as other viral and bacterial diseases, prophylactic vaccines or effective antiviral treatments against viral respiratory infections are either still not available, or provide only limited protection. Given the widespread prevalence, a general lack of natural sterilizing immunity, and/or high morbidity and lethality rates of diseases caused by influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, coronaviruses, and rhinoviruses, this difficult situation is a genuine societal challenge. A thorough understanding of the virushost interactions during these respiratory infections will most probably be pivotal to ultimately meet these challenges. This review attempts to provide a comparative overview of the knowledge about an important part of the interaction between respiratory viruses and their host: the arms race between host innate immunity and viral innate immune eva-

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Type III Interferons in Antiviral Defenses at Barrier Surfaces

Cited by 111 publications

References 77 publications

Rift Valley fever virus targets the maternal-foetal interface in ovine and human placentas

Rift Valley fever virus targets the maternal-foetal interface in ovine and human placentas

Infection of bat and human intestinal organoids by SARS-CoV-2

Innate Immune Evasion by Human Respiratory RNA Viruses

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