Type Iii Congenital Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia – A Rarity in Pediatric Surgery. A Clinical Case and Literature Review

Preterm Identical Twins with Hiatal Hernias

“…Although HH can be diagnosed using ultrasound [9], contrast swallow study is the most conclusive diagnostic modality [12]. It is important to diagnose and surgically treat HH to prevent complications [1,7].…”

“…Hiatal hernia (HH) is a type of diaphragmatic hernia in which abdominal organs protrude through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the posterior mediastinum [1]. There are four types of hiatal hernias, depending on the location of the gastroesophageal (GE) junction in relation to the diaphragm [1]. Type I, the most frequent, constituting 85-95% of hiatal hernias, is an axial hernia, where the gastric cardia slides into the chest cavity.…”

“…Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of HH is essential, as there is risk for severe reflux, strangulation, Barrett's esophagus, chronic gastritis, lower esophageal stenosis, esophageal ruptures, recurrent aspiration causing respiratory tract infections and volvulus [1,7].…”