Type II diabetes mellitus and menopause: a multinational study

Abstract

Menopause does not increase the risk of type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is associated with early menopause in women under 45 years of age.

Early and premature menopause in women with diabetes mellitus Type 2

“…Even there are no clear mechanisms to explain these findings although hormonal effects on the resistance to the insulin have been involved. Monterrosa et al [7] did not observe the decrease of the risk of diabetes with MHT.…”

“…Monterrosa et al [7] found that women in the age group of 40-44 years, who were in natural postmenopause, had odds ratio: 2.76 (95% CI: 1.32-5.67) to present DM2, significant that are not in the older age groups.…”

“…The North American Menopause Society considers 51 years of age as the mean for the natural menopause [6]. In a study carried out in 6079 Latin American women [7], all of them with age greater than or equal to 55 years were in postmenopause. In other Latin American study [8], with a total of 17,150 healthy women, aged between 40 and 59 years, accompanying patients to health care centers in 47 cities of 15 Latin American countries, the mean age of the entire sample was 49.4 ± 5.5 years.…”

“…The menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is the principal therapeutic tool, with the aim to contribute estrogens to suppress the clinical symptomatology and to make a favorable impact on the estrogen-dependent tissues [3,6,7,9]. In the pronouncement of the North American Menopause Society of 2010 [6] about MHT in premature menopause indicated that 'There are inadequate data regarding MHT in these populations.…”

What influences the age of menopause?

“…In a cross-sectional study of Latin-American women, type 2 diabetes was associated with a three-fold higher incidence of menopause before 45 years compared to non-diabetic women 7 . With the growing incidence of type 2 diabetes, this effect on ovarian function and the related changes in cardiovascular health are a concern.…”