Type II collagen is transiently expressed during avian cardiac valve morphogenesis

Swiderski, Ruth E.; Daniels, Karla J.; Jensen, Kasper; Solursh, Michael

doi:10.1002/aja.1002000404

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have suggested that the matrix of the cushion tissues may be of a transitional type, the composition of which is modified during morphogenesis and differentiation (Markwald et al, 1978;Bernanke and Orkin, 1984). A recent example of this is the loss of type II collagen from the cushion tissues and valves of the maturing embryonic chicken heart (Swiderski et al, 1994). MMP-2 was originally thought to be able to degrade only collagen types IV, V, and VII, fibronectin, and gelatin (Collier et al, 1988).…”

Section: Strongin Et Al 1995) the Expression Of Mt-mmp Wasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal expression of the 72-kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-2) correlates with development and differentiation of valves in the embryonic avian heart

et al. 1997

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Extracellular proteases may play an important role in the regulation of cell migration and remodeling of the extracellular matrix during development. In this study, we have examined the embryonic avian heart for the expression of matrix metalloproteases. The 72‐kDa type IV collagenase, MMP‐2, was detected in extracts of whole hearts and showed a modest increase in amount over time. This increase in enzyme activity corresponded to a small increase in the steady‐state level of mRNA for this enzyme. A more dramatic increase was seen in the amount of the 66‐kDa activated form of this enzyme as development progressed, suggesting that the process of activation, rather than enzyme synthesis, may be the important regulatory step in this system. Coincident with the change in the level of active MMP‐2 was a significant increase in the expression of the MMP‐2 activator, MT‐MMP, between stages 12 and 24. The message for MMP‐2 was expressed by the endocardium of the cushion tissues which was undergoing an epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and by the migrating mesenchymal cells, suggesting a role for this protease in regulating cell motility and matrix invasion. In older staged hearts, the cells of the differentiating valves expressed high levels of MMP‐2 which may be important for the final remodeling events in this region. Dev. Dyn. 209:261–268, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Strongin Et Al 1995) the Expression Of Mt-mmp Wasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal expression of the 72-kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-2) correlates with development and differentiation of valves in the embryonic avian heart

et al. 1997

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“…Immunohistochemical studies demonstrate expression of many ECM components-including fibronectin, fibullin, laminin, NCAM, tenascin, and heparin sulfate proteoglycans-within the developing AV canal (for review, see Eisenberg and Markwald, 1995). Several collagens, including types I, II, III, IV, V, VIII, and XI, are also present in the embryonic heart (Hurle et al, 1994;Swiderski et al, 1994). We previously demonstrated that the type VI Grant sponsor: NIH SCOR Grant in Congenital Heart Disease (G.T.K.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of type VI collagen in the developing mouse heart

et al. 1998

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During development, the embryonic atrioventricular (AV) endocardial cushions undergo a morphogenic process to form mature valve leaflets and the membranous septa in the heart. Several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are expressed in the developing AV endocardial cushions, but it remains to be established if any specific ECM proteins are necessary for normal cushion morphogenesis. Abnormal development of the cardiac AV valves is a frequent cause of congenital heart defects, particularly in infants with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). The genes encoding the α1 and α2 chains of type VI collagen are located on human chromosome 21 within the region thought to be critical for congenital heart defects in trisomy 21 infants. This suggests that the type VI collagen α1(VI) and α2(VI) chains may be important in normal AV valve morphogenesis. As a first step in understanding the role of type VI collagen in valve development, the authors examined the normal spatial and temporal expression patterns of mRNA and protein for type VI collagen in the embryonic mouse heart. Ribonuclease protection assay analysis demonstrates cardiac expression of the type VI collagen for α1(VI), α2(VI), and α3(VI) transcripts beginning at embryonic days 11–11.5 of mouse development. In situ hybridization studies demonstrate a coordinated pattern of cardiac expression within the AV valves for each type VI collagen chain from embryonic day 11.5 through the neonatal period. Immunohistochemical studies confirm a concentrated type VI collagen localization pattern in the endocardial cushions from the earliest stages of valve development through the neonatal period. These data indicate that type VI collagen is expressed in the developing AV canal in a pattern consistent with cushion tissue mesenchymal cell migration and proliferation, and suggest that type VI collagen plays a role in the morphogenesis of the developing cardiac AV endocardial cushions into the valve leaflets and membranous septa of the heart. Dev. Dyn. 1998;211:248–255. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…The use of the immunohistochemical technique for the detection of type II collagen relied on the fact that synthesis of type II collagen is considered cartilage-characteristic (Miller and Matukas, 1969;Miller, 1976;Kosher, 1983;Miyake, 1992,1995), even though type II collagen is also produced by a limited number of nonchondrogenic cell types (see Kosher, 1983, andSwiderski et al, 1994, for extensive reviews of the literature). The anti-SM␣-actin was utilized bearing in mind that in the chick and quail the use of this antibody was conclusive in deciding the nonmuscular nature of the neural-crest derived cells which are believed to be the precursors of the cardiac chondrocytes (López et al, 2000).…”

Section: Immunohistochemical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of cartilage in the heart of the Spanish terrapin, Mauremys leprosa (Reptilia, Chelonia)

López

Durán

Andrés

et al. 2003

Journal of Morphology

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Cartilaginous deposits are regularly present in the heart of several reptilian, avian, and mammalian species. The formation of these extraskeletal cartilages has been studied in birds and mammals, but not in reptiles. The aim here was to elucidate this question in the Spanish terrapin. Hearts from 23 embryos belonging to Yntema (1968) developmental stages 17 to 26 and eight terrapins age 3 months to 10 years were examined using histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques. In the heart of the Spanish terrapin (Mauremys leprosa), chondrogenesis can start during embryonic life. Cartilaginous tissue develops from a mesenchymal cellular condensation that extends along the aorticopulmonary septum and the incipient pars fibrosa of the ventricular horizontal septum. This cellular condensation, which is smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMalpha-actin)-negative and type II collagen-negative during stages 17 to 22, acts as a prechondrogenic condensation. In stage 23, production of type II collagen begins in the central core of the condensation and gradually spreads toward its periphery. The type II collagen-positive (chondrogenic) cellular condensation remains devoid of perichondrium prior to birth. Thereafter, it converts into hyaline cartilage that extends along the proximal part of the aorticopulmonary septum and the pars fibrosa of the horizontal septum. Our findings are consistent with the assumption that, as in birds and mammals, the precursors of the cardiac chondrocytes in chelonians are neural crest-derived cells of nonmuscular nature. In addition, they point to the possibility that cells from the neural crest populate the embryonic pars fibrosa of the horizontal septum, thereby contributing to its alignment with the aorticopulmonary septum. In the present species, a second cartilaginous deposit of a hyaline nature extends along the sinus wall of the right semilunar valve of the right aorta, penetrating the fibrous cushion that constitutes the proximal support of the corresponding valve leaflet. This cartilage develops after birth, between the third and eighteenth month of life; its morphogenetic origin is unclear. The cartilaginous foci occurring in hearts of Spanish terrapin appear to act as pivots resisting mechanical tensions generated during the cardiac cycle. In the specimens examined there was no sign of replacement of the cardiac cartilages by bone tissue.

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Type II collagen is transiently expressed during avian cardiac valve morphogenesis

Cited by 28 publications

References 64 publications

Spatial and temporal expression of the 72-kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-2) correlates with development and differentiation of valves in the embryonic avian heart

Spatial and temporal expression of the 72-kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-2) correlates with development and differentiation of valves in the embryonic avian heart

Expression of type VI collagen in the developing mouse heart

Formation of cartilage in the heart of the Spanish terrapin, Mauremys leprosa (Reptilia, Chelonia)

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