Type I keratin cDNAs from the rainbow trout: independent radiation of keratins in fish

Schaffeld, Michael; Höffling, Simon; Haberkamp, Mark; Conrad, Matthias; Markl, Jürgen

doi:10.1046/j.1432-0436.2002.700606.x

Cited by 34 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Forthcoming genomic data on the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis and the chicken (as a representative of the birds) will shed light on the question when keratin gene clustering was acquired during vertebrate evolution. We also note that a recent phylogenetic analysis of keratin I and II proteins indicates that fish epidermal keratins diversified independently from the mammalian epidermal keratin radiation, keratins 8 and 18 of interior epithelia are true orthologs in fish and mammals (Schaffeld et al, 2002a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Genes coding for intermediate filament proteins: common features and unexpected differences in the genomes of humans and the teleost fishFugu rubripes

Zimek

Stick

Weber

2003

Journal of Cell Science

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We screened the genomic sequences of the teleost fish Fugu rubripes for genes that encode cytoplasmic intermediate filament (IF)proteins. Here, we compare the number of genes per subfamily (I to IV) as well as the gene mapping in the human and fish genomes. There are several unexpected differences. F. rubripes has a sizeable excess of keratin type I genes over keratin type II genes. Four of the six keratin type II genes map close to four keratin type I genes. Thus, a single keratin II gene cluster(as in mammals) seems excluded. Although a continuous genome sequence is not yet available for F. rubripes, it is difficult to see how all 19 keratin type I genes can be collected as in the human genome into a single cluster without the presence of type II genes and various unrelated genes. F. rubripes has more type III and type IV genes than humans. Some of the type IV genes acquired additional novel intron positions. One gene even harbors (in addition to the two type IV introns) three novel introns and three introns usually present only in mammalian and F. rubripes type I-III genes. This mixture of type IV and type I-III intron positions poses a problem for the traditional view that the first type IV gene arose in evolution by a mRNA-mediated translocation event. In the 42 F. rubripes genes analysed here, there are several differences in intron patterns compared with mammalian genes. Most correspond to additional introns in the fish genes. A search for genes encoding nuclear lamins reveals the four established fish lamins (A, B1, B2 and LIII) as well as an unexpected second lamin A.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Genes coding for intermediate filament proteins: common features and unexpected differences in the genomes of humans and the teleost fishFugu rubripes

Zimek

Stick

Weber

2003

Journal of Cell Science

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“…Interestingly, in trout, the K18 cluster also consists of two major variants that show slightly different molecular weights, although, in this case, both polypeptides are labeled by mAb C04 in immunoblots ( Fig. 3c; Markl et al 1989;Schaffeld et al 2002b). Thus, it remains unclear whether the corresponding polypeptide in carp and goldfish also represents a K18 variant.…”

Section: C/g/z/t Le64 C/g/z/t Kl1 C/g/z/t 7914 C/g/z/t C04 C/g/z/t Gmentioning

confidence: 90%

Identification of keratins and analysis of their expression in carp and goldfish: comparison with the zebrafish and trout keratin catalog

et al. 2005

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With more than 50 genes in human, keratins make up a large gene family, but the evolutionary pressure leading to their diversity remains largely unclear. Nevertheless, this diversity offers a means to examine the evolutionary relationships among organisms that express keratins. Here, we report the analysis of keratins expressed in two cyprinid fishes, goldfish and carp, by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, complementary keratin blot binding assay, and immunoblotting. We further explore the expression of keratins by immunofluorescence microscopy. Comparison is made with the keratin expression and catalogs of zebrafish and rainbow trout. The keratins among these fishes exhibit a similar range of molecular weights and isoelectric points, with a similar overall pattern on two-dimensional gels. In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy studies of goldfish and carp tissues have revealed the expression of keratins in both epithelial and mesenchymally derived tissues, as reported previously for zebrafish and trout. We conclude that keratin expression is qualitatively similar among these fishes, with goldfish and carp patterns being more similar to each other than to zebrafish, and the cyprinid fishes being more similar to each other than to the salmonid trout. Because of the detected similarity of keratin expression among the cyprinid fishes, we propose that, for certain experiments, they are interchangeable. Although the zebrafish distinguishes itself as being a developmental and genetic/genomic model organism, we have found that the goldfish, in particular, is a more suitable model for both biochemical and histological studies of the cytoskeleton, especially since goldfish cytoskeletal preparations seem to be more resistant to degradation than those from carp or zebrafish.

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“…The hhKer1 cDNA codes for a predicted protein with an MW and pI within the expected values for vertebrate type I keratins (Moll et al 1982;Fuchs and Weber 1994;Conrad et al 1998;Schaffeld et al 1998Schaffeld et al , 2002bChua and Lim 2000;Suzuki et al 2001;Watanabe et al 2001Watanabe et al , 2002Ishida et al 2003) and possesses the characteristic tripartite structure of all vertebrate type I keratins (Fuchs and Weber 1994;Kirfel et al 2003). Computational analysis in ProDom (Bru et al 2005) has revealed that hhKer1 contains all the elements of a functional type I keratin ( Fig.…”

Section: Halibut Larval Epidermal Keratin Type I Genementioning

confidence: 95%

“…The maximum-parsimony phylogenetic analysis performed (Fig. 1b) clusters hhKer1 with other epidermal type I keratins from teleosts (Schaffeld et al 2002b). Moreover, hhKer1 seems to belong to a teleostspecific group of type I keratins that do not seem to have a tetrapod counterpart (Fig.…”

Section: Halibut Larval Epidermal Keratin Type I Genementioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular, cellular and histological changes in skin from a larval to an adult phenotype during bony fish metamorphosis

et al. 2006

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Developmental models for skin exist in terrestrial and amphibious vertebrates but there is a lack of information in aquatic vertebrates. We have analysed skin epidermal development of a bony fish (teleost), the most successful group of extant vertebrates. A specific epidermal type I keratin cDNA (hhKer1), which may be a bony-fish-specific adaptation associated with the divergence of skin development (scale formation) compared with other vertebrates, has been cloned and characterized. The expression of hhKer1 and collagen 1alpha1 in skin taken together with the presence or absence of keratin bundle-like structures have made it possible to distinguish between larval and adult epidermal cells during skin development. The use of a flatfish with a well-defined larval to juvenile transition as a model of skin development has revealed that epidermal larval basal cells differentiate directly to epidermal adult basal cells at the climax of metamorphosis. Moreover, hhKer1 expression is downregulated at the climax of metamorphosis and is inversely correlated with increasing thyroxin levels. We suggest that, whereas early mechanisms of skin development between aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates are conserved, later mechanisms diverge.

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Type I keratin cDNAs from the rainbow trout: independent radiation of keratins in fish

Cited by 34 publications

References 43 publications

Genes coding for intermediate filament proteins: common features and unexpected differences in the genomes of humans and the teleost fishFugu rubripes

Genes coding for intermediate filament proteins: common features and unexpected differences in the genomes of humans and the teleost fishFugu rubripes

Identification of keratins and analysis of their expression in carp and goldfish: comparison with the zebrafish and trout keratin catalog

Molecular, cellular and histological changes in skin from a larval to an adult phenotype during bony fish metamorphosis

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