Type I Collagen from the Skin of Barracuda (Sphyraena sp.) Prepared with Different Organic Acids: Biochemical, Microstructural and Functional Properties

Abstract

This study was carried out to compare the extractability and characteristics of barracuda (Sphyraena sp.) skin collagen using various organic acids. Acetic-solubilized collagen (ASBS), lactic-solubilized collagen (LSBS) and citric-solubilized collagen (CSBS) yielded 6.77 g/100 g, 10.06 g/100 g and 8.35 g/100 g, respectively, and those yields were significantly different (p < 0.05). All acid-solubilized collagens were considered as type I because of their two alpha chains (α1 and α2) detected in acrylamide gel after electrophoresis. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) analysis confirmed that ASBS, LSBS and CSBS had similar absorption peaks (230.5 nm) and the results were in accordance with other fish collagens. Under infrared (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the triple helical structure of type I collagens extracted from barracuda skin was maintained. From a thermostability study, all type I collagens showed a higher maximum transition temperature (Tmax = 40.16 to 41.29 °C) compared to other fish skin collagens. In addition, the functional properties of the extracted collagens revealed the ASBS had higher water and oil absorption capacities than the CSBS and LSBS samples. The highest level of the emulsion ability index (EAI) (>200 m2/g) was detected under acidic conditions (pH 4), while lower EAIs were recorded under the alkaline (pH 10) and neutral treatments (pH 7). All type I collagens had a higher relative solubility (>60%) at a low pH test but the solubility level sharply decreased at a neutral pH. In addition to this, a lower concentration of NaCl (0–20 g/L) showed the higher percentage of solubility (>60%) while adding over 30 g/L of NaCl decreased solubility (>40%). From a microstructural test, all type I samples had an irregular and dense flake structure with random coiled filaments. Overall, collagen extracted from the barracuda skin may be applied as an alternative collagen from an industry perspective.

Unicorn Fish (Naso reticulatus Randall, 2001) Skin Collagens Prepared Using Two Pepsin Sources: An Assessment on Physicochemical Characteristics

“…For example, it has been extracted from the skin of lizardfish (Saurida tumbil) [8], [9], grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) [10], barracuda (Sphyraena sp.) [11] and Java barb fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) [12]. These sources have been thoroughly evaluated, and it is worth noting that collagen extracted from fish skin shows feasibility due to its higher yield compared to cartilage, scale, frame, and other body parts.…”

Optimization Process of the Pepsin-Solubilized Collagen from Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil Bloch, 1795) Skins by-Product

“…Some fish collagens derived from different species and fish parts have been studied and characterized, including the bone, scale and skin of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) [2], grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) [3], golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) [4], tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [5], barracuda (Sphyraena sp.) [6], purple-spotted bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus) [7], red-bellied pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) [8], tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) [9], striped marlin (Kajikia audax) [10], needlefish (Tylosurus acus melanotus) [11], sturgeon fish (Huso huso) [12], ray fish (Zearaja chilensis) [13], parrotfish (Scarus sordidus) [14], and seabass (Lates calcarifer) [15]. Among them, tilapia skin collagen has been proved as a wound healing acceleration agent [16] and grass carp scale collagen could be used for bone tissue regeneration [17].…”

Functional Properties of Collagen from Purple-spotted Bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846) Bone and Fins Extracted with Different Acids

“…In recent years, studies on fish collagen have increased due to its similar properties and possibly even better than collagens derived from terrestrial animals [14]. Collagens from fish species such as tuna, lizardfish, tiger grouper, parrotfish, pink ear emperor, tilapia, unicornfish, and barracuda have been successfully extracted and characterized [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]. However, the study on the functional properties of fish collagens was much less explored.…”