Type C Virus Production by a Continuous Line of Pig Oviduct Cells (PFT)

Bouillant, A. M. P.; Greig, A. S.; Lieber, Michael M.; Todaro, George J.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-27-2-173

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Cultures infected with Oncovirus B do not generally have a tendency to exhibit cell fusion and MNGC formation (Sarkar, 1989) although Okoi et al (1990) found this to occur with murine mammary tumour virus. The genus Oncovirus C, on the other hand, has a strong tendency to induce malignancies in vivo, and in cell cultures infected cells fuse with non-infected cells (Bouillant et al, 1975(Bouillant et al, , 1980Frank, 1987b;Hoshino et al, 1983;Klement et al, 1969;Monozaki et al, 1990;Nagy et al, 1983;Ogura et al, 1977;Timar et al, 1987). Figure 20 shows a cultured mouse myeloma cell line in which a MNGC has been induced by the presence of murine leukaemia virus.…”

Section: Retrovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ultrastructure of multinucleate giant cells

Harris

1993

Micron

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A survey of the available ultrastructural data on physiologically and pathologically occurring and virally-induced multinucleate giant cells (MNGCs) is presented. Emphasis is initially placed upon the bone osteoclast, the skeletal muscle myotube and the placental syncytiotrophoblast. The widespread occurrence of MNGCs in a range of pathological situations is discussed, with emphasis upon the broad involvement of the macrophage in inflammatory responses. Many viruses produce cell fusion in vivo and in vitro when cell cultures are infected. Several examples are given. A clear distinction is drawn between viral fusion from "without" and viral fusion from "within" the cell. The cytopathic effect (CPE) of the animal and human retroviruses is discussed in considerable detail. The in vivo and in vitro formation of lymphocytic and macrophage MNGCs by HIV-1 is given extensive coverage. The possible significance of the presence of brain MNGCs of macrophage/ microglial origin as a cellular feature of AIDS dementia is discussed. A new hypothesis is advanced relating to the possible role of endogenous C-type retrovirus in the physiological fusion of the invasive placental cytotrophoblasts to create the syncytiotrophoblast. The evolutionary and developmental significance of such an event in relation to the evolution of the placental mammals is discussed. The possible importance of MNGC formation in the depletion of the CD4 ÷ population of T-lymphocytes in vivo in the clinical progression of the AIDS-related complex and AIDS is related to the potent fusogenic effect of HIV-I when cell cultures are infected.

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Section: Retrovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ultrastructure of multinucleate giant cells

Harris

1993

Micron

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“…PERVs and pig tumors. PERVs were first described for transformed pig kidney cell lines (10,17,26,28,185,325,348); later viruses were isolated from lymphoma cells (218,274,306,307) and from radiation-induced leukemia cells (112). However, there is no evidence for an oncogenic property of PERV.…”

Section: Pervsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Barriers to Successful Xenotransplantation Focusing on Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses

2012

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SUMMARY Xenotransplantation may be a solution to overcome the shortage of organs for the treatment of patients with organ failure, but it may be associated with the transmission of porcine microorganisms and the development of xenozoonoses. Whereas most microorganisms may be eliminated by pathogen-free breeding of the donor animals, porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) cannot be eliminated, since these are integrated into the genomes of all pigs. Human-tropic PERV-A and -B are present in all pigs and are able to infect human cells. Infection of ecotropic PERV-C is limited to pig cells. PERVs may adapt to host cells by varying the number of LTR-binding transcription factor binding sites. Like all retroviruses, they may induce tumors and/or immunodeficiencies. To date, all experimental, preclinical, and clinical xenotransplantations using pig cells, tissues, and organs have not shown transmission of PERV. Highly sensitive and specific methods have been developed to analyze the PERV status of donor pigs and to monitor recipients for PERV infection. Strategies have been developed to prevent PERV transmission, including selection of PERV-C-negative, low-producer pigs, generation of an effective vaccine, selection of effective antiretrovirals, and generation of animals transgenic for a PERV-specific short hairpin RNA inhibiting PERV expression by RNA interference.

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“…This virus has not been found in "normal" swine, nor in nonirradiated swine with neoplasms (other than those that were hematopoietic in origin), but it has been found in irradiated swine with myeloid metaplasia. These studies are of particular interest in view of the observation that retrovirus have been found in a number of stable porcine cell lines (1,3,4,15,23). In addition, studies have shown that Type-C viral genes are present in the family Suidea (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evidence for retrovirus in miniature swine with radiation-induced leukemia or metaplasia

Frazier

1985

Archives of Virology

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Biochemical and morphological evidence indicates that a type-C retrovirus is present in the blood of swine (both leukemic and nonleukemic) exposed to strontium-90 radiation. Nonexposed swine that were leukemic also had virus present. The virus was shown to contain an RNase-sensitive DNA polymerase activity with cation, detergent and template requirements similar to those of known viral reverse transcriptases. The buoyant density of the virus was 1.14 to 1.16 g/ml, which can be converted, by treatment with ether, to a virion core having a density of 1.20 to 1.23 g/ml. Linear regression analysis indicated a correlation between virus-associated DNA polymerase activity and the number of blast cells in the peripheral blood.

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Type C Virus Production by a Continuous Line of Pig Oviduct Cells (PFT)

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

The ultrastructure of multinucleate giant cells

The ultrastructure of multinucleate giant cells

Infection Barriers to Successful Xenotransplantation Focusing on Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses

Evidence for retrovirus in miniature swine with radiation-induced leukemia or metaplasia

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