POLICYMAKERS CONCERNED ABOUT maintaining the integrity of science have recently expanded their attention from a focus on misbehaving individuals to characteristics of the environments in which scientists work. Little empirical evidence exists about the role of organizational justice in promoting or hindering scientific integrity. Our findings indicate that when scientists believe they are being treated unfairly they are more likely to behave in ways that compromise the integrity of science. Perceived violations of distributive and procedural justice were positively associated with self-reports of misbehavior among scientists.Keywords scientific misbehavior; integrity; organizational justice; procedural justice; distributive justice PROCEDURAL AND DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE are central concepts in the organizational justice literature (Bies & Tripp, 1998;Folger & Cropanzano, 1998;Greenberg, 1993;Greenberg, 1997;Masterson, Lewis, Goldman & Taylor, 2000;Moorman, 1991;Organ, 1988;Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Paine, & Bacharach, 2000;Skarlicki & Folger, 1997). When people regard the distribution of resources within an organization-and the decision process underlying that distribution-as Martinson is currently PI of two NIH funded R01 grants; a two-year, observational study of research integrity among scientists in the U.S. and a five-year study conducting a randomized, controlled trial of a behavioral intervention aimed at helping older adults to achieve long-term maintenance of their physical activity. E-MAIL: Brian.C.Martinson@HealthPartners.Com Dr. Melissa S. Anderson is an associate professor in the graduate program in higher education at the University of Minnesota. She is also the Director of the Postsecondary Education Research Institute, a center for research on higher education. Her current research focuses on ethical issues in university research, graduate education and academy-industry relations. She is a co-author of Ethical Standards of the American Educational Research Association: Cases and Commentary. E-MAIL: mand@umn.edu Dr. A. Lauren Crain is a Research Investigator with the HealthPartners Research Foundation (HPRF) in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Her current research activities pertain to the role of the self concept in prosocial behavior, psychological and environmental predictors of modifiable health risk behavior such as physical activity and weight maintenance, and the prevention and management of chronic disease. E-MAIL: Lauren.Crain@HealthPartners.Com Dr. Raymond G. De Vries is a member of the Bioethics Program, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Department of Medical Education at the Medical School, University of Michigan. He is the author of A Pleasing Birth: Midwifery and Maternity Care in the Netherlands (Temple University Press, 2005). His current research is focused on the regulation of science; clinical trials of genetic therapies; international research ethics; and the social, ethical, and policy issues associated with voluntary cesarean section. E
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