Type 2 diabetes prevalence, awareness, and risk factors in rural Mali: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Diabetes is currently a crisis in sub-Saharan West Africa (SSWA) with dramatic implications for public health and national budgets prioritizing infectious diseases. There is limited recent literature about the prevalence, awareness, and risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rural parts of SSWA. This study characterized T2D prevalence and risk factors for the rural Malian community of Nièna, which is situated in Mali’s second-largest province of Sikasso. Between December 2020 and July 2021, a cross-sectional study of 412 participants was conducted in the Nièna community using clinical questionnaires and rapid diagnostic tests. Among 412 participants, there were 143 (34.7%) and 269 (65.3%) males and females, respectively. The overall prevalence of T2D in Nièna was 7.5% (31/412), and prevalence rates were 8.6% (23/269) and 5.6% (8/143) for females and males, respectively. Age, family history of diabetes, hypertension, waist circumference, and fetal macrosomia were significantly associated with T2D (p = 0.007, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.013, and p < 0.001, respectively). Notably, 61.3% (19/31) of T2D subjects were unaware of their diabetic status before the study. Field surveys have considerable utility in driving T2D awareness in rural African settings.

Implementation of Kidney Biopsy in One of the Poorest Countries in the World: Experience from Zinder Hospital (Niger)

“…The average age of patients was 35 years, with extremes of 5 and 68 years. The most represented age group was [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], making up 48.33% of the cohort. This average age was lower than that reported in studies conducted by Ben Salem et al in Tunisia in 2020 (45 years old) [11] or in a study carried out in a military hospital in Morocco (44 years old) [12], with a standard deviation of 16 and 15 years, respectively.…”

“…It was found that its overall prevalence was 7.5%, and risk factors were age, family history of diabetes, hypertension, waist circumference, and fetal macrosomia. Notably, 61.3% of type 2 diabetic subjects were unaware of their diabetic status before the study [32]. Recently, a systematic review and meta-analysis has found that the overall prevalence of both overweight and obesity was 61.4% amongst type 2 diabetic African patients.…”

Dyslipidemia in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in a Rural Community in Ganadougou, Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Previous studies have shown that 79% - 100% of T2D subjects were initially diagnosed during cross-sectional surveys [ 33 ]. In one of our earlier studies, a majority (62.5%) of subjects diagnosed with T2D were unaware of their diabetic status [ 34 ]. These results suggest that carrying out field studies are beneficial beyond the research implications.…”

Profiling of Clinical Dynamics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients: a Perspective Review

“…In people with T2DM, 90% are overweight or obese. DM prevalence has risen faster in low-and middle-income countries than in high-income countries[13]. The highest prevalence rates are currently in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East with North and South America close behind.…”