Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with More Serious Small Intestinal Mucosal Injuries

Zhong, Hao‐Jie; Yuan, Yu; Xie, Wen-Rui; Chen, Mei-Hui; He, Xiaofu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162354

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although there were no statistically significant differences in the villi length (data not shown), we observed that the villi width was larger in the control yogurt-fed mice compared to the milk- and synbiotic yogurt-fed groups ( Figure 4 a,b). Because wider villi may be a sign of swelling or inflammation [ 22 ], our results suggest that the intestine of mice fed the control yogurt may have had higher levels of inflammation. Interestingly, the expression of barrier function proteins, such as tight junction protein-1 (Tjp-1)/Zonulin-1 and occludin-1 (Ocln1), were significantly higher in the ileum of synbiotic-yogurt fed mice compared to the milk- and control yogurt-fed groups ( Figure 4 c,d).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Newly Developed Synbiotic Yogurt Prevents Diabetes by Improving the Microbiome–Intestine–Pancreas Axis

Miller

Mainali

Nagpal

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing worldwide, and there are no long-term preventive strategies to stop this growth. Emerging research shows that perturbations in the gut microbiome significantly contribute to the development of T2D, while microbiome modulators may be beneficial for T2D prevention. However, microbiome modulators that are effective, safe, affordable, and able to be administered daily are not yet available. Based on our previous pro- and prebiotic studies, we developed a novel synbiotic yogurt comprised of human-origin probiotics and plant-based prebiotics and investigated its impact on diet- and streptozotocin-induced T2D in mice. We compared the effects of our synbiotic yogurt to those of a commercially available yogurt (control yogurt). Interestingly, we found that the feeding of the synbiotic yogurt significantly reduced the development of hyperglycemia (diabetes) in response to high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin compared to milk-fed controls. Surprisingly, the control yogurt exacerbated diabetes progression. Synbiotic yogurt beneficially modulated the gut microbiota composition compared to milk, while the control yogurt negatively modulated it by significantly increasing the abundance of detrimental bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, the synbiotic yogurt protected pancreatic islet morphology compared to the milk control, while the control yogurt demonstrated worse effects on islets. These results suggest that our newly developed synbiotic yogurt protects against diabetes in mice and can be used as a therapeutic to prevent diabetes progression.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Newly Developed Synbiotic Yogurt Prevents Diabetes by Improving the Microbiome–Intestine–Pancreas Axis

Miller

Mainali

Nagpal

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, SCFA is a nutrient source for enterocytes and promotes gut barrier function [10][11][12][13]. Accordingly, patients with T2D show increased gut permeability and signs of intestinal injury [14][15][16][17]. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can translocate through the damaged gut barrier, act as a potent inflammatory mediator, influence insulin sensitivity and disturb the functionality of the innate immune system [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a multispecies synbiotic on glucose metabolism, lipid marker, gut microbiome composition, gut permeability, and quality of life in diabesity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

et al. 2019

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Purpose Diabesity, the combination of obesity and type 2 diabetes, is an ever-growing global health burden. Diabesityassociated dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome has gained attention as a potential driver of disease and, therefore, a possible therapeutic target by means of pro-or prebiotic supplementation. This study tested the effects of a multispecies synbiotic (i.e. a combination of probiotics and prebiotics) on glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, gut permeability, neutrophil function and quality of life in treatment-experienced diabesity patients. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study with 26 diabesity patients was conducted in which patients received a daily dose of a multispecies probiotic and a prebiotic (or a placebo) for 6 months. Results There were no changes in glucose metabolism or mixed meal tolerance test responses throughout the study. The analysis of secondary outcomes revealed beneficial effects on hip circumference [− 1 (95% CI − 4; 3) vs +3 (− 1; 8) cm, synbiotics vs. placebo, respectively, p = 0.04], serum zonulin [− 0.04 (− 0.2; 0.1) vs +0.3 (− 0.05; 0.6) ng/ml, p = 0.004)] and the physical role item of the SF36 quality of life assessment [+ 5.4 (− 1.7; 12.5) vs − 5.0 (− 10.1; 0.2) points, p = 0.02] after 3 months of intervention, and lipoprotein (a) [− 2.1 (− 5.7; 1.6) vs +3.4 (− 0.9; 7.9) mg/dl, p = 0.02] after 6 months. There were no significant differences in alpha or beta diversity of the microbiome between groups or time points. Conclusions Glucose metabolism as the primary outcome was unchanged during the intervention with a multispecies synbiotic in patients with diabesity. Nevertheless, synbiotics improved some symptoms and biomarkers of type 2 diabetes and aspects of quality of life suggesting a potential role as adjuvant tool in the management of diabesity.

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“…The present patient had poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, a proinflammatory state characterized by increased levels of C-reactive protein and proinflammatory cytokines as well as monocyte activation ( 15 ). In addition to inflammatory bowel diseases, studies have shown that patients with diabetes exhibit digestive tract inflammation and increased intestinal vulnerability ( 16 , 17 ). Mucosal vulnerability associated with diabetes may have contributed to the rectal injury following forcible insertion, which then promoted the glycerol-induced hemolysis in the present case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Kidney Injury with Hemolysis after Glycerin Enema-induced Rectal Injury in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2020

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A 66-year-old man with type 2 diabetes was admitted for glycemic control and weight loss. The rectal mucosa was unfortunately injured during glycerin enema administration in preparation for colonoscopy, after which dark red urine and renal dysfunction were observed. Considering the clinical diagnosis of glycerolinduced hemolysis and acute kidney injury, intravenous hydration and haptoglobin administration were started, which successfully treated the dark red urine and renal dysfunction. This case highlights the importance of appropriate glycerin enema administration and emphasizes the need to recognize glycerol-induced hemolysis and acute kidney injury as complications of glycerin enemas. This case also provides insight into glycerol-induced hemolysis and acute kidney injury as complications of glycerin enemas.

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with More Serious Small Intestinal Mucosal Injuries

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

A Newly Developed Synbiotic Yogurt Prevents Diabetes by Improving the Microbiome–Intestine–Pancreas Axis

A Newly Developed Synbiotic Yogurt Prevents Diabetes by Improving the Microbiome–Intestine–Pancreas Axis

Effects of a multispecies synbiotic on glucose metabolism, lipid marker, gut microbiome composition, gut permeability, and quality of life in diabesity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

Acute Kidney Injury with Hemolysis after Glycerin Enema-induced Rectal Injury in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes

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