Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity, smoking and low socioeconomic status in large and representative samples of rural, urban, and suburban adult Greek populations

Tentolouris, Nicholas; Andrianakos, A.; Karanikolas, G.; Karamitsos, D; Trontzas, Panagiotis; Krachtis, P; Christoyannis, Fotis; Tavaniotou, E; Nikolia, Z; Kaskani, E; Kontelis, Leonidas; Sfikakis, Petros P.

doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1378

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…37 It was observed that the prevalence of diabetes was higher in rural areas, but after controlling for age, the statistical significance of this difference was lost, confirming previously reported results from Greece. 38 Age, education, HOMA-R and alcohol consumption were independently associated with DM/pre-diabetes. When pre-diabetes was excluded from the regression analysis, only age, HOMA-R and triglycerides remained independently associated with DM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prevalence and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Greek adult population

Tsirona

Katsaros

Bargiota

et al. 2016

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the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (dM) is increasing worldwide reaching epidemic proportions. the aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of dM in thessaly, a large region of central Greece, and to extrapolate our results to the population of the entire country. A random sample of 805 adults (421 females and 384 men) living in thessaly, aged 18-80 years, was surveyed. After completing a questionnaire about health status and a thorough physical examination, a blood sample was obtained from each participant for biochemical analysis. Participants with fasting glucose levels between 100-125 mg/dl underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (oGtt). A second survey was also conducted, via telephone call-interviews, in a randomly selected sample age-and sex-stratified to the country's adult population in order to extrapolate the dM data from thessaly to the whole country. the frequency of dM based on patient history and fasting blood glucose levels was 6.96%, comparable to that observed in the telephone-based nationwide survey (7.38%, p=0.669). However, after the oGtt an additional 3.72% of the population had undiagnosed dM, increasing dM prevalence to 10.68% (age adjusted 11.77%). the prevalence of pre-diabetes was 8.70%, with impaired fasting glucose at 5.84% and impaired glucose tolerance at 2.86%. the prevalence of dM was significantly higher in men (14.58%) than in women (7.13%, p<0.001), increased with age in both sexes and was more prevalent in hypertensive (p<0.001) and obese subjects (p=0.001) and in those living in rural areas (p=0.003). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, significant predictors of pre-diabetes and dM together were age, homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HoMA-IR), alcohol consumption and educational status, whereas those of dM alone were age, HoMA-IR and triglycerides. extrapolating our data to the whole country, the age-adjusted prevalence of dM was estimated at 11.97% (men 13.98%, women 9.25%), clearly indicating a major public health problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prevalence and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Greek adult population

Tsirona

Katsaros

Bargiota

et al. 2016

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“…A small number of research reports have focused on SES and DM co-morbidity and mortality. [24–26] For example, Walker et al observed a significant association between low individual SES, greater co-morbidity, and a high mortality rate. Lee et al found that individuals with low SES have a higher incidence and prevalence rates for DM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Individual and Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status on Diabetes Mellitus Survival in Working Age Patients in Taiwan

et al. 2017

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PurposeDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a global pandemic metabolic disorder. In recent years, the amount of medical resources required for the treatment of diabetes has increased as diabetes rates have gradually risen. The combined effects of individual and neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES) on DM survival rates are still not clear, especially in patients of working age. In this paper, we aim to analyze the combined effects of neighbourhood and individual SES on DM survival rates in patients of working age in Taiwan.MethodsThe study of 23,781 people who were diagnosed with DM by using population—based study between 2002 and 2006. Each sample was followed up for 4 years or as a sensor case. We defined Individual SES and neighbourhood SES by each patient’s job category and household income which characterized as advantaged or disadvantaged. Then we compared the survival rates by SES group used Cox proportional hazards model for adjust risk factors.ResultsThe 4-year overall survival rates of diabetic patients were worst for those with low individual SES who living in advantaged neighbourhoods. After adjustment for patient characteristics, DM patients with high individual SES living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods had the same risk of mortality as those patients with high individual SES living in advantaged neighbourhoods (hazard ratio: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–1.51). The study found that DM patients with low individual SES who live in disadvantaged areas had a greater risk of mortality than those with high SES (odds ratio: 2.57; 95% CI: 2.04–3.24). There were significant differences in survival rates between patients with high individual SES and patients with low individual SES. In contrast, the results did not statistically significant differences in survival rates between advantaged and disadvantaged neighbourhood SES groups.ConclusionDM patients with low individual SES had the worst survival rate, regardless of whether they were living in a high or low SES neighbourhood area. The competitive cause of death, i.e., the fact that complications, rather than DM itself, are often the cause of death, may be the reason for the inverse relationship found between the effects of individual SES and neighbourhood SES on DM survival. We conclude that the socio-economic gradient in survival among DM patients may be the result of differences in access to medical treatment and attributes related to individual SES.

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“…While a 24-year cohort study in a South Carolina community showed that weekly drinking was associated with T2DM (30), another study showed that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption can improve lipid-related indices in T2DM (31). The effect of smoking on T2DM is as controversial as drinking (32,33). However, smoking and drinking can further increase the blood sugar concentration (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the interleukin-1 receptor-associated protein gene is associated with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes in a case-controlled study

Wen

Yang

et al. 2015

Biomedical Reports

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Abstract. Impaired glucose regulation (IGR), containing prediabetes and diabetes, is an inflammatory disease. The interleukin-33 (IL-33)/IL-1 receptor-like 1 and IL-1/IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) pathways are involved and play opposite roles. While the IL-1R-associated protein (IL-1Rap) is indispensible for the two pathways, the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-1Rap gene and IGR has not been determined. TaqMan probe quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to genotype 11 SNPs in the regions of the IL-1Rap gene selected on the basis of linkage disequilibrium using the HapMap database in a study of 889 individuals (156 IGR patients in the case group and 733 non-diabetic patients in the control group). Logistic regression was applied to control the potential confounders in the multivariate analysis. Among 11 SNPs, IL-1Rap rs3773958 was associated with IGR. Further analysis showed that the odds ratios for GT and GT + GG carriers vs. TT carriers were 1.686 and 1.669, respectively, adjusted for gender, age, weight, waist, drinking, smoking, hypertension, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol and triglycerides. For rs3773958 in the non-smoking subgroup, GT and GT + GG carriers had a significantly higher risk of IGR compared to the TT carriers. The same conclusions were drawn using data from non-drinking and non-overweight subgroups. However, interactions between rs3773958 and smoking, drinking or being overweight were not significant. In conclusion, rs3773958 in the IL-1Rap gene region was associated with IGR.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity, smoking and low socioeconomic status in large and representative samples of rural, urban, and suburban adult Greek populations

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Prevalence and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Greek adult population

Prevalence and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Greek adult population

The Effect of Individual and Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status on Diabetes Mellitus Survival in Working Age Patients in Taiwan

A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the interleukin-1 receptor-associated protein gene is associated with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes in a case-controlled study

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