Type 2 diabetes in adult Nigerians: a study of its prevalence and risk factors in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes and to determine potential associated risk factors of the disease in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Research design and methods: Five hundred and two (502) subjects aged above 40 years, obtained by a two-stage cluster sampling technique participated in this survey. Casual (random) plasma glucose estimations were done for all subjects after relevant personal data were obtained. Subjects with casual plasma glucose (CPG) ]/7.0 mmol/l had oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) done. Fasting and 2 h post glucose load blood samples were analyzed for plasma glucose levels. Results: Thirty-four (34) subjects had diabetes, giving a crude prevalence rate of 6.8% (CI 0/4.6 Á/9.0%), and standardized rate of 7.9%. The crude prevalence rates were 7.7 and 5.7% for males and females, respectively. Of the 34 diabetic subjects seen, 14 (41.2%) of them were not previously known to have diabetes; 83.7% of these were asymptomatic. Body mass index (BMI) ]/25 kg/m 2 and WHR ]/0.85, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity, heavy consumption of alcohol, older age as well as high social status and Hausa Á/Fulani or Ibibio origin were associated with significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Port Harcourt is relatively high. Changing lifestyle associated with industrialization may explain this. A significant proportion of the diabetic subjects are asymptomatic and undiagnosed. The risk factors as shown in our study clearly emphasize the point that type 2 diabetes is to a large extent a preventable disease. #

Prevalence and Aetiology of Heart Failure in Patients Seen at a Teaching Hospital in Ghana

“…The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Africa has been shown to be high by recent data [37][38][39]. Therefore, it is more likely that ischaemic heart disease is under-diagnosed in Africa, due to largely unavailability of coronary angiography and other imaging procedures.…”

Spouses of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 at increased risk of high blood glucose levels

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“…Urban communities had a higher over all prevalence of diabetes mellitus (3.3%) when compared with rural communities (2.6%). The burden of diabetes in Nigeria is expected to increase even further [5].…”

Effects of an additional pharmaceutical care intervention versus usual care on clinical outcomes of Type 2 diabetes patients in Nigeria: A comparative study

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) was once regarded as a disease of the affluent but is now vastly visible as a growing health problem in developing economics as almost 80% diabetes death occurs in low and middle income countries (International diabetes federation; Odili et al, 2010). The national standardized prevalence rate of DM in Nigeria is 2.2%, while the crude prevalence rate is 7.4% in those aged 45 years and above who live in urban areas (Nyenwe et al, 2003). Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030 showed that prevalence of diabetes in Nigeria in 2010 was 4.7% and 3.9% and it would be 5.5% and 4.3% in 2030 when compared with world population and national population, respectively (Shaw et al, 2010).…”