Type 2 Diabetes Elicits Lower Nitric Oxide, Bradykinin Concentration and Kallikrein Activity Together with Higher DesArg9-BK and Reduced Post-Exercise Hypotension Compared to Non-Diabetic Condition

Abstract

This study compared the plasma kallikrein activity (PKA), bradykinin concentration (BK), DesArg9-BK production, nitric oxide release (NO) and blood pressure (BP) response after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise performed by individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Ten subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 10 without type 2 diabetes (ND) underwent three sessions: 1) maximal incremental test on cycle ergometer to determine lactate threshold (LT); 2) 20-min of constant-load exercise on cycle ergometer, at 90% LT and; 3) control session. BP and oxygen uptake were measured at rest and at 15, 30 and 45 min post-exercise. Venous blood samples were collected at 15 and 45 minutes of the recovery period for further analysis of PKA, BK and DesArg9-BK. Nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) was analyzed at 15 minutes post exercise. The ND group presented post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure on the 90% LT session but T2D group did not. Plasma NOx increased ~24.4% for ND and ~13.8% for T2D group 15min after the exercise session. Additionally, only ND individuals showed increases in PKA and BK in response to exercise and only T2D group showed increased DesArg9-BK production. It was concluded that T2D individuals presented lower PKA, BK and NOx release as well as higher DesArg9-BK production and reduced PEH in relation to ND participants after a single exercise session.

Establishment of a Strategy for the Discovery and Verification of Low-Abundance Biomarker Peptides in Plasma Using Two Types of Stable-Isotope Tags

“…reactive site 7.4 µL of plasma (1.23 µL from each of the six samples). is estimation is not inconsistent with the result which the well-known bioactive peptide bradykinin, concentration in plasma/serum has been reported to pM-200 pM, [16][17][18][19] was detected at a peak intensity of 4×10 5 (Fig. 2).…”

Contact Karate Promotes Post-Exercise Hypotension in Young Adult Males

“…This happens as the result of a greater mechanical stress, and consequently, a greater release of vasoactive agents (4, 5, 7, 9). …”

Assessing the evidence: Exploring the effects of exercise on diabetic microcirculation

“…Responses to an acute exercise bout differ between healthy and diabetic populations: e.g. study by Simoes et al has shown that an acute bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in T2DM patients lowered plasma NO and bradykinin concentrations and kallikrein activity as compared to healthy indivuiduals [84]. Moreover, Womack et al have shown that DM patients with microvascular complications had lower skeletal muscle capillary recruitment and capillary volumen in response to a single bout of exercise during low or high-intensity contractile exercise (25% and 80% maximal handgrip), assessed by CEUS as compared to DM patients without complications and healthy controls [58].…”