Type 1 Kounis Syndrome Induced by Inactivated SARS-COV-2 Vaccine

Abstract

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COVID-19 Disease, Women’s Predominant Non-Heparin Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia and Kounis Syndrome: A Passepartout Cytokine Storm Interplay

“…Indeed, in a recent longitudinal analysis, severe COVID-19 was accompanied by an increase in effector cells including IgEs and eosinophils [97]. Furthermore, in current clinical practice, Kounis syndrome has appeared not only in COVID-19 cases [98,99], but also in cases following vaccine administration for prevention of COVID-19 disease [100,101].…”

Takotsubo Rather Than Kounis Syndrome Complicating SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

“…More likely than Kounis syndrome the patient had Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy or broken heart syndrome. TTS is diagnosed according to the Mayo Clinic criteria [2], Following these criteria, TTS is diagnosed if there is 1. transient hypokinesia, akinesia, or dyskinesia of the left ventricular mid-ventricular segments with or without apical involvement, and extension of these regional wall motion abnormalities beyond the boundaries of a particular epicardial vascular 3 distribution, 2. absence of obstructive coronary artery disease or angiographic evidence of acute plaque rupture, 3. new ST-segment elevation and/or T-wave inversion or modest elevation of cardiac troponin, and 4. absence of: a. pheochromocytoma or myocarditis [1]. TTS mimics myocardial infarction clinically, electrocardiographically, echocardiographically, and on blood chemical investigations.…”

“…+43-1-71165 E-mail: fipaps@yahoo.de Letter to the Editor To the Editor, with interest, we eagerly read the article by Özdemir et al about a 41 years old female who developed Kounis syndrome after the first standard dose of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produced by Sinovac Life Sciences, China [1]. The previously asymptomatic patient experienced flushing, palpitations, dyspnea, and angina chest pain 15 minutes after application of the vaccine [1]. Clinical exam revealed facial erythema, edema of the lips and uvula, and bronchospasm [1].…”

“…The previously asymptomatic patient experienced flushing, palpitations, dyspnea, and angina chest pain 15 minutes after application of the vaccine [1]. Clinical exam revealed facial erythema, edema of the lips and uvula, and bronchospasm [1]. Work-up revealed T-wave inversion V4-6 on ECG, apico-lateral and posterior hypokinesia on transthoracic echocardiography, apical and apico-lateral hypokinesia on ventriculography, reduced ejection fraction, elevated troponin, pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), elevated creatine-kinase-MB (CK-MB), and eosinophilia [1].…”

“…Clinical exam revealed facial erythema, edema of the lips and uvula, and bronchospasm [1]. Work-up revealed T-wave inversion V4-6 on ECG, apico-lateral and posterior hypokinesia on transthoracic echocardiography, apical and apico-lateral hypokinesia on ventriculography, reduced ejection fraction, elevated troponin, pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), elevated creatine-kinase-MB (CK-MB), and eosinophilia [1]. These abnormalities resolved within 2 days under pheniramine, dexamethasone, salbutamol, and epinephrine [1].…”