In Type 1 diabetes (T1D), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages and other innate immune cells destroy pancreatic β-cells while promoting autoreactive T cell maturation. Superoxide-deficient Non-Obese Diabetic mice (NOD.Ncf1m1J) are resistant to spontaneous diabetes, revealing the integral role of ROS-signaling in T1D. Here, we evaluate the innate immune activation state of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM-Mϕ) from NOD and NOD.Ncf1m1J mice after poly(I:C)-induced Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling. We show that ROS synthesis is required for efficient activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and concomitant expression of TLR3 and the cognate adaptor molecule, TRIF. Poly(I:C)-stimulated NOD.Ncf1m1J BM-Mϕ exhibited a 2- and 10-fold decrease in TNF-α and IFN-β pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, respectively, in contrast to NOD BM-Mϕ. Optimal expression of IFN-α/β is not solely dependent on superoxide synthesis, but requires p47phox to function in a NOX-independent manner to mediate Type I interferon synthesis. Interestingly, MHC-II I-Ag7 expression necessary for CD4 T cell activation is increased 2-fold relative to NOD, implicating a role for superoxide in I-Ag7 down-regulation. These findings suggest that defective innate immune pattern-recognition receptor activation and subsequent decrease in TNF-α and IFN-β pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis necessary for autoreactive T cell maturation, may contribute to the T1D protection observed in NOD.Ncf1m1J mice.