“…Evidence from epidemiological studies; biomedical studies detecting enteroviruses from the blood, pancreas, and gut of T1D patients; and animal studies suggests that enterovirus infections may accelerate the pathogenesis of T1D in susceptible individuals (Beyan, Wen, & Leslie, ; Beyerlein, Wehweck, Ziegler, & Pflueger, ; Christen, Bender, & von Herrath, ; Christen & von Herrath, ; Davis‐Richardson & Triplett, ; de Beeck & Eizirik, ; Dotta & Sebastiani, ; Hober et al, ; Laitinen et al, ; Peng & Hagopian, ; Salvatoni et al, ; Yeung, Rawlinson, & Craig, ). The molecular mimicry theory suggests that epitope mimicry between a virus and human proteins can activate autoimmune diseases like T1D (de Oliveira Andrade et al, ). Respiratory infections were reported to increase the risk for T1D autoimmunity in the BABYDIET (Beyerlein et al, ; de Beeck & Eizirik, ), MIDIA (Rasmussen, Witso, Tapia, Stene, & Ronningen, ), ABIS (Wahlberg, Vaarala, Ludvigsson, & for the ABIS Study Group, ), and The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY; Lönnrot et al, ) studies.…”