Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and incidence of seven cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Background:The association between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and specific cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is uncertain. Furthermore, data on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to risk of aortic valve stenosis, atrial fibrillation, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and intracerebral hemorrhage are scarce and inconclusive. We examined the associations of T1DM and T2DM with incidence of seven CVD outcomes. Methods: This study comprised 71,483 Swedish adults from two population-based prospective cohorts. T1DM and T2DM diagnosis and incident CVD cases were ascertained through linkage with the population-based registers. Results: T1DM was associated with myocardial infarction (hazard ratio [HR] 3.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.47-4.30), heart failure (HR 2.68; 95% CI 1.76-4.09), and ischemic stroke (HR 2.61; 95% CI 1.80-3.79). Increased risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and heart failure was also observed in T2DM patients and the magnitude of the associations increased with longer T2DM duration. T2DM was also associated with an increased risk of aortic valve stenosis (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.05-1.71) and with lower risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.40-0.82) and intracerebral hemorrhage (HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.30-0.88). Only long-term T2DM (≥20 years) was associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.02-2.04). Conclusion: T1DM and T2DM are associated with increased risk of major CVD outcomes. Trial registration: The Cohort of Swedish Men and the Swedish Mammography Cohort are registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01127711 and NCT01127698, respectively.

Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase Increases in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis and Contributes to Valvular Interstitial Cell Calcification

“…Also, nicotineenhanced oxidative stress through SSAO has been reported to contribute to the adverse effects of smoking [13]. Since obesity, diabetes, and smoking are also major risk factors for the incidence of CAVS [14][15][16], SSAO emerges as a common risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease and CAVS.…”

“…SSAO is also increased in several disease states associated with an increased systemic oxidative stress. Interestingly, obesity [11,14,22], diabetes [12,15], and smoking [16,23] are all examples of cardiovascular risk factors associated with both increased SSAO expression and an increased risk of incident CAVS. In the present study, we did, however, not detect any significant changes in the pattern of valvular SSAO mRNA expression after stratification according to BMI, prevalent diabetes, or smoking status, suggesting that the observed upregulation of SSAO mRNA with calcification was not affected by systemic states of increased oxidative stress.…”

Dietary patterns, food groups, and incidence of aortic valve stenosis: A prospective cohort study

“…Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a common disease, with a prevalence reaching nearly 10% in populations over age 80 years [1]. The established risk factors for AVS are few, but mounting evidence indicates that cardiometabolic risk factors, such as obesity [2][3][4], diabetes [2,3,5,6], hypertension [2,3,5,7], and dyslipidemia [5,[8][9][10][11][12], increase the risk of AVS. Diet influences cardiometabolic risk factors [13][14][15] and thus may be implicated in the development of AVS.…”

Evaluation of Fasting Blood Sugar and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Normoglycemic Individuals in Gorgan, Northeastern

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia, which may be caused by impaired insulin secretion, insulin dysfunction or both (1,2). The main subtypes of diabetes are type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM) (1) that affect almost 200 million people all around the world (3).…”