Tympanic temperature is a core temperature in humans

Brinnel, H.; Cabanac, Michel

doi:10.1016/0306-4565(89)90029-6

Cited by 195 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The tympanic temperature to measure body temperature is generally accepted for an ambient controlled environment, but can be influenced by a cold environment (Livingstone, Grayson, Frim, Allen, & Limmer, 2002). Even if Brinnel and Cabanac (1989) showed that tympanic temperatures taken precisely in the anterior, inferior quarter of the tympanic membrane were unaffected by skin temperature, it still remains that the infrared thermometer can be affected at a temperature lower than 10˚C. It is for this reason that, for the present study, the tympanic temperature was mainly used to measure cold acclimatization of the head thermoregulation, mostly because the heads of participants were exposed to cold temperatures without head protection during the tests (hat, helmet, etc.).…”

Section: Tympanic Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

XP-Antarctik Expedition: The Effect of a Month-Long Expedition in Antarctica on Physiological Performance

Parent¹,

Martín²,

Morales³

et al. 2018

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

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Antarctica is a challenging habitat for humans. A group of 6 explorers (3 women and 3 men) participated in an expedition in Antarctica. The objective was to observe the physiological acclimatization of the explorers using the following strategies: physical preparation, highcaloric nutritional intake, and the latest physiological monitoring and outdoor equipment. Anthropometric measures (dual x-ray absorptiometry), specific maximal aerobic test, maximal aerobic running speed test, submaximal aerobic cold testing, strength tests (grip strength, leg press and chin up), and endurance tests (bar suspension and chair position) were conducted pre-and post-expedition. Due to the sample size, a paired t-test was used for normally distributed data and non-parametric (Wilcoxon) to compare values pre-and post-expedition. Effect sizes are presented as Cohen's d. The lean mass for the women was significantly higher after the expedition (45.4 ¡ 4.4 vs. 47.1 ¡ 4.1 kg; p 5 0.040, d 5 1.86); however, no significant difference was observed for the men (66.7 ¡ 7.3 vs. 66.0 ¡ 5.7 kg; p 5 0.581, d 5 0.11). Pre-and post-expedition values were significantly different for the specific maximal aerobic test, where the VO 2 peak was 40.8 ¡ 4.2 vs. 46.9 ¡ 7.4 ml/kg/min, respectively (p 5 0.027, d 5 1.01), but no significant difference was observed for the other aerobic tests. The muscular testing did not change significantly, except for the left leg one maximal repetition (295 ¡ 110 vs. 364 ¡ 135 lb, preand post-expedition respectively, p 5 0.031, d 5 20.56). The overall preparation for the expedition appears to be a key aspect in order to countermeasure the physical ability decay during an Antarctica expedition. However, further studies will need to be developed to discern the importance of the preparation components.

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Section: Tympanic Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

XP-Antarctik Expedition: The Effect of a Month-Long Expedition in Antarctica on Physiological Performance

Parent¹,

Martín²,

Morales³

et al. 2018

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

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show abstract

“…1). According to Brinnel and Cabanac 19) , it is generally admitted that the temperature of a given site within the body depends on: (a) local metabolism, (b) the temperature of the arterial blood supplying the site; (c) heat flow through the site from or to the nearby structures. They discussed that regional heat flow is probably the most powerful factor influencing tympanic temperature because the local metabolism of the tympanic membrane should have only a very small influence on tympanic temperature; the vascularization of tympanic membrane is not homogeneous; and the blood supply is poorest in its deepest region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They discussed that regional heat flow is probably the most powerful factor influencing tympanic temperature because the local metabolism of the tympanic membrane should have only a very small influence on tympanic temperature; the vascularization of tympanic membrane is not homogeneous; and the blood supply is poorest in its deepest region. Since the human brain is known to produce 20 times more heat than other tissues at rest, excluding kidney, heart, and liver 19) , the excessive heat from the head needs to be removed and dissipated to avoid any excessive increase in brain temperature 17) . Herein, it is reasonable to assume that the temperature of the surrounding ear canal wall reaches values similar to that of the tympanic membrane when the subject's head is encapsulated by the vapor impermeable PVC hood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brinnel and Cabanac 19) reviewed that T ty has been found to be a better indicator of heart rate, sweating and vasomotor response than T re . The present study found strong relationships of IR T ty with heart rate and sweat rate during exercise, which validates IR T ty to evaluate a heat strain index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its anatomical proximity to the hypothalamus, it is reported that tympanic temperature follows brain temperature more closely than rectal temperature or esophageal temperature 16,17) . Even though some have doubted that tympanic thermometry is sufficiently accurate to measure core temperature 18) , there are also many reports that tympanic temperature is a good index of core temperature when measured accurately [19][20][21] . However, most research on tympanic temperature reported intermittent recordings, not continuous monitoring, particularly with unclothed or lightly clad subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validity of Infrared Tympanic Temperature for the Evaluation of Heat Strain While Wearing Impermeable Protective Clothing in Hot Environments

et al. 2011

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of infrared tympanic temperature (IR T ty ) as a thermal index to evaluate the heat strain of workers in hot environments, in comparison with rectal temperatures at various depths (T re-4, -8, and -16 for 4, 8 and 16 cm from the anal sphincter). Eight males underwent twelve experimental conditions: two activities (rest and exercise) × three clothing levels [Control, HDPE (high-density polyethylene coverall) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride coverall) condition] × two air temperatures (25 and 32°C with 50%RH). The results showed that 1) in the conditions with most heat strain (HDPE or PVC condition at 32°C), IR T ty was equal to or even higher than T re ; 2) during exercise, physiological strain index (PSI) using IR T ty did not underestimate PSI-values using T re-16 , and overestimated those PSI-values from T re-16 in HDPE and PVC conditions at 32°C; 3) during exercise, the relationships between IR T ty and heart and total sweat rate were stronger than those between T re-16 and heart and total sweat rate. These results indicated that IR T ty is valid as a thermal index to evaluate the heat strain of workers wearing impermeable protective coveralls in hot environments. However, the application of IR T ty is limited only for strenuous works wearing encapsulated personal protective clothing with a hood in heat.

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Pacifier Thermometer Comment

Chamberlain¹

1998

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Tympanic temperature is a core temperature in humans

Cited by 195 publications

References 51 publications

XP-Antarctik Expedition: The Effect of a Month-Long Expedition in Antarctica on Physiological Performance

XP-Antarctik Expedition: The Effect of a Month-Long Expedition in Antarctica on Physiological Performance

Validity of Infrared Tympanic Temperature for the Evaluation of Heat Strain While Wearing Impermeable Protective Clothing in Hot Environments

Pacifier Thermometer Comment

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