Tyloxapol Niosomes as Prospective Drug Delivery Module for Antiretroviral Drug Nevirapine

Abstract

With the aim of assuring more patient compliant pharmacotherapy for acquired immuno deficiency syndrome, a formulation of the first line anti-retroviral drug, nevirapine (NVP), has been developed by encapsulating it within niosomes. Biocompatible niosomes were fabricated using a biological surfactant, tyloxapol, with variable cholesterol concentrations. Formulation with surfactant/cholesterol molar ratio 1:0.1 exhibits maximum stability and optimum hydrophobicity. Thus, it is most suitable for the entrapment of NVP and has high entrapment efficiency of 94.3%. FTIR and DSC results indicate that NVP has sufficient compatibility with the excipients of the formulation. Photoluminescence quenching measurements were employed to elucidate the position of drug molecules in niosome bilayer along with the partition coefficient. Dissolution results indicate that the efflux of drug is sustained which creates a depot effect and decreases the fluctuations in drug release. Such a versatile and improved formulation of NVP is expected to increase its therapeutic index and alleviate toxic systemic side effects while improving the quality of life and duration of survival of the patients.

Synthesis of Sulfur‐Based Biocompatible Nonionic Surfactants and Their Nano‐Vesicle Drug Delivery

“…The FT-IR study of individual components and formulations is carried out to show any interactions or incompatibilities of drug with vesicle components [25]. FT-IR spectra of surfactant, cholesterol, clarithromycin, and DAP-T-and DAP-D-based vesicles are given in Fig.…”

Niosomes as Nanoparticular Drug Carriers: Fundamentals and Recent Applications

“…In recent years, the potential of niosomes as a drug carrier has been extensively studied [3][4][5]. Various types of nonionic surfactants have been reported to form niosomes and enable the entrapment of a large number of drugs with a wide range of solubility [6][7][8]. The composition, size, number of lamellae, and surface charge of niosomes can be varied and optimized to enhance the performance of niosomes for drug delivery.…”

Ultrasonic Processing Technique as a Green Preparation Approach for Diacerein-Loaded Niosomes

“…They have wide formulation versatility of being prepared by several nonionic surfactants, such as alkyl ethers, alkyl esters, and alkyl amides ( 3 ). They are nonionic, have low toxicity level, and can improve the therapeutic index of many drugs by site-specific targeting ( 4 ). The research interest in niosomes has been recently boosting because of disadvantages associated with liposomes, like high cost of raw materials, instability, and special handling and storage requirements ( 5 ).…”