Tylosin exposure reduces the susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium to florfenicol and tetracycline

Mechesso, Abraham Fikru; Park, Seung-Chun

doi:10.1186/s12917-020-2246-5

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Similarly, the induction of ROS was also reported to modulate antibiotic resistance in other pathogenic bacteria. For example, Salmonella Typhimurium was shown to modulate its susceptibility to tetracycline when exposed to a ROS generating macrolide antibiotic, tylosin 27 . Also, in Acinetobacter baumannii, soxR overexpression led to susceptibility to tetracycline 28 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the oxidative stress regulon identifiessoxSas a genetic target for resistance reversal in multi-drug resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae

Anes

Dever

Eshwar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In bacteria, the defense system deployd to counter oxidative stress is orchestrated by three transcriptional factors − SoxS, SoxR, and OxyR. Although the regulon that these factors control is known in many bacteria, similar data is not available for Klebsiella pneumoniae. To address this data gap, oxidative stress was artificially induced in K. pneumoniae MGH78578 using paraquat and the corresponding oxidative stress regulon recorded using RNA−seq. The soxS gene was significantly induced during oxidative stress and a knock-out mutant was constructed, to explore its functionality. The wild-type and mutant were grown in the presence of paraquat and subjected to RNA−seq to elucidate the soxS regulon in K. pneumoniae MGH78578. Genes that are commonly regulated both in the oxidative stress regulon and soxS regulon were identified and denoted as the ′oxidative SoxS regulon′ − these included a stringent group of genes specifically regulated by SoxS. Efflux pump encoding genes such as acrAB−tolC, acrE, and global regulators such as marRAB were identified as part of this regulon. Consequently, the isogenic soxS mutant was found to exhibit a reduction in the minimum bactericidal concentration against tetracycline compared to that of the wild type. Impaired efflux activity, allowing tetracycline to be accumulated in the cytoplasm to bactericidal levels, was further evaluated using a tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) accumulation assay. The soxS mutant was also susceptible to tetracycline in vivo, in a zebrafish embryo model. We conclude that the soxS gene could be considered as a genetic target against which an inhibitor could be developed in the future and used in combinatorial therapy with tetracycline to combat infections associated with multi-drug resistant K. pneumoniae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the oxidative stress regulon identifiessoxSas a genetic target for resistance reversal in multi-drug resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae

Anes

Dever

Eshwar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The use of tylosin, specifically, was found in 100% (30/30 flocks) of the studied broiler population in Pakistan [ 21 ] and vigorous use of tylosin in broiler production was reported previously [ 20 , 21 ]. Although tylosin is primarily active against Gram-positive bacteria, there are reports of a correlation between exposure to tylosin and a change in susceptibility to other antibacterial drugs and even the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of enterobacteria [ 22 , 23 ]. Such reports suggest that tylosin susceptibility of resistant strains is variable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Genetic Determinants in Gram-Negative Fecal-Microbiota of Wild Birds and Chicken Originated at Trimmu Barrage

Saeed,

Khan,

Ehtisham-ul-Haque

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) give rise to resistance against penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics in multiple bacterial species. The present study was conducted to map genetic determinants and related attributes of ESBL-producing bacteria in three wild aquatic bird species and chickens at the “Trimmu Barrage” in district Jhang, Punjab province, Pakistan. To study the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria, a total of 280 representative samples were collected from wild bird species; cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis), little egrets (Egretta garzetta) and common teals (Anas crecca) as well as from indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) originating from a local wet market. The isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers using a double disc synergy test (DDST) and bacterial species were identified using API-20E and 20NE strips. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect ESBL genetic determinants and for genus identification via 16S rRNA gene amplification. A phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for ESBL-producing isolates against 12 clinically relevant antibiotics using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequence data obtained in this study and comparative sequence data obtained from GenBank. The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria was 34.64% (97/280). The highest percentage (44.28%; 31/70) of ESBL-producing bacteria was recovered from chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), followed by little egrets (Egretta garzetta) (41.43%; 29/70), common teal (Anas crecca) (28.57%; 20/70) and cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) (24.28%; 17/70). Five different ESBL-producing bacteria were identified biochemically and confirmed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which included Escherichia coli (72; 74.23%), Enterobacter cloacae (11; 11.34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8; 8.25%), Salmonella enterica (4; 4.12%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2; 2.06%). Based on PCR, the frequency of obtained ESBL genes in 97 isolates was blaCTX-M (51.55%), blaTEM (20.62%), blaOXA (6.18%) and blaSHV (2.06%). In addition, gene combinations blaCTX-M + blaTEM, blaTEM + blaOXA and blaCTX-M + blaSHV were also detected in 16.49%, 2.06% and 1.03% of isolates, respectively. The ESBL gene variation was significant (p = 0.02) in different bacterial species while non-significant in relation to different bird species (p = 0.85). Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequence data confirmed the existence of CTX-M-15 and TEM betalactamases. The average susceptibility of the antibiotics panel used was lowest for both Klebsiella pneumoniae (62.5% ± 24.42) and Salmonella enterica (62.5% ± 31.08) as compared to Enterobacter cloacae (65.90% ± 21.62), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (70.83% ± 33.42) and Escherichia coli (73.83% ± 26.19). This study provides insight into the role of aquatic wild birds as reservoirs of ESBL-producing bacteria at Trimmu Barrage, Punjab, Pakistan. Hence, active bio-surveillance and environment preservation actions are necessitated to curb antimicrobial resistance.

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“…FLR and TET are connected in the graph; these antibiotics are part of the different phenicol and tetracycline classes. A recent study in swine demonstrated that tylosin exposure reduced susceptibility of Salmonella to both drugs ( 40 ). Bacteria exposure to sub-lethal doses of tylosin acquired resistance mechanisms to the antibiotic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria exposure to sub-lethal doses of tylosin acquired resistance mechanisms to the antibiotic. Exposure to tylosin also resulted in activation of the efflux system and its global regulators, which subsequently increased the MICs of FLR and TET against Salmonella ( 40 ). This finding may explain why FLR and TET are connected in our model, however recent tylosin exposure was not reported in the study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Associations in Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Values of Escherichia coli Samples Obtained From Weaned Dairy Heifers in California Using Bayesian Network Analysis

2022

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ObjectiveMany antimicrobial resistance (AMR) studies in both human and veterinary medicine use traditional statistical methods that consider one bacteria and one antibiotic match at a time. A more robust analysis of AMR patterns in groups of animals is needed to improve on traditional methods examining antibiotic resistance profiles, the associations between the patterns of resistance or reduced susceptibility for all isolates in an investigation. The use of Bayesian network analysis can identify associations between distributions; this investigation seeks to add to the growing body of AMR pattern research by using Bayesian networks to identify relationships between susceptibility patterns in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates obtained from weaned dairy heifers in California.MethodsA retrospective data analysis was performed using data from rectal swab samples collected from 341 weaned dairy heifers on six farms in California and selectively cultured for E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility tests for 281 isolates against 15 antibiotics were included. Bayesian networks were used to identify joint patterns of reduced susceptibility, defined as an increasing trend in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. The analysis involved learning the network structure, identifying the best fitting graphical mode, and learning the parameters in the final model to quantify joint probabilities.ResultsThe graph identified that as susceptibility to one antibiotic decreases, so does susceptibility to other antibiotics in the same or similar class. The following antibiotics were connected in the final graphical model: ampicillin was connected to ceftiofur; spectinomycin was connected with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and this association was mediated by farm; florfenicol was connected with tetracycline.ConclusionsBayesian network analysis can elucidate complex relationships between MIC patterns. MIC values may be associated within and between drug classes, and some associations may be correlated with farm of sample origin. Treating MICs as discretized variables and testing for joint associations in trends may overcome common research problems surrounding the lack of clinical breakpoints.

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Tylosin exposure reduces the susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium to florfenicol and tetracycline

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Analysis of the oxidative stress regulon identifiessoxSas a genetic target for resistance reversal in multi-drug resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae

Analysis of the oxidative stress regulon identifiessoxSas a genetic target for resistance reversal in multi-drug resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae

Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Genetic Determinants in Gram-Negative Fecal-Microbiota of Wild Birds and Chicken Originated at Trimmu Barrage

Identifying Associations in Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Values of Escherichia coli Samples Obtained From Weaned Dairy Heifers in California Using Bayesian Network Analysis

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