Two-Year Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance in
            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>
            in Four African Cities

Benbachir, M.; Benredjeb, Saida; Boye, Cheikh Saad-Bouh; Dosso, Mireille; Belabbès, Houria; Kamoun, A; Kairé, O; Elmdaghri, Naima

doi:10.1128/aac.45.2.627-629.2001

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the USA since 1983, the prevalence of ß-lactamase producing H. influenzae rose from 14.5% to 37.5% in 1997, providing resistance to penicillin and first generation cephalosporins (10). In our study only 8.6% of H. influenzae produced ß-lactamase although these were not characterised further.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…These two drugs are among the most commonly available in most public hospitals for treatment of acute respiratory tract infections and other bacterial infections, and the high level of resistance would render them less effective for treatment of these infections. As in other studies from African countries (8,10,17) pneumococcal isolates from our study were susceptible to semi-synthetic penicillins and extended spectrum cephalosporins, but these drugs may be unavailable or are too expensive to be afforded by most patients who seek care at public hospitals in Kenya.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Resistance to macloride agents often occurs concurrently with penicillin resistance (5), and these too have been on the rise. Currently in several parts of the world including the UK (6), Indonesia (7), South Africa (8), Brazil (9) and in four North African countries (10), the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pneumococci (resistant to 2 or more commonly used drugs including penicillin, doxycycline and cotrimoxazole) has been on the increase. However, these strains have remained fairly susceptible to newer quinolones and extended spectrum cephalosporins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial susceptibility in community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults

et al. 2004

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Objectives: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, two bacterial pathogens commonly associated with communityacquired pneumonia. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Bacterial isolates were obtained from adults suspected to have community-acquired pneumonia and who sought treatment at two city council clinics in Nairobi, Kenya. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was performed using a microdilution broth method, according to the criteria set by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Results: A total of 277 S. pneumoniae and 58 H. influenzae were obtained from 536 adults examined in the period January 1998 to December 1999. Of the 277 S. pneumoniae, only 56.7% were susceptible to penicillin and 7.6% of strains were resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. Of the 58 H. influenzae strains, 91.4% were sensitive to ampicillin, with 6.8% resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. 8.6% were ß-lactamase producers and accounted for the entire ampicillin-resistant population. Conclusion: The prevalence of resistance to penicillin and other commonly used antibiotics among pneumococci is high and the large number of multi-resistant strains among H. influenzae is a cause for concern. The prudent use of antibiotics in treatment of pneumonia and other infections should be advocated to minimise spread of resistance.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial susceptibility in community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults

et al. 2004

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“…Penicillin G resistance in S. pneumoniae infection was observed in Africa as well as in other countries (1,6). In our study, high resistance rate (31.3%) of S. pneumoniae to penicillin G was observed, which is similar to data previously reported in a study conducted by Gueye and al.…”

Section: Articlesupporting

confidence: 82%

Antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible of acute respiratory tract infections in children

et al. 2017

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SummaryBackground and aims. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common causative agents of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The objective of this study was to assess their susceptibility to several antibiotics.Materials and methods. A total of 58 strains (16 S. pneumoniae, 19 H. influenzae and 23 M. catarrhalis) were isolated from samples collected in two paediatric centres, and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics tested by E-test.Results. Among H. influenzae isolates, 10.5% were resistant to ampicillin (all β-lactamase-positive), and 88.9% were susceptible to cefaclor. High β-lactam resistance rates (penicillin: 31.3% and cephalosporins: 18.7 to 31.3%) had been observed among S. pneumonia strains. Only 50% of isolates were susceptible to azithromycine. 91.3% of M. catarrhalis isolates β-lactamases producers were resistant to ampicillin while susceptible to the most tested antibiotics.Conclusions. Except M. catarrhalis β-lactamases producing strains, frequency of antibiotic resistance was mainly observed among S. pneumoniae, and to a lesser extent among H. influenzae clinical isolates, suggesting the need for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the management of RTIs.

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“…Spain, Hungary, and South Africa have the highest rates in the world (6,7,16). In this study, rates of co-trimoxazole resistance are relatively low compared to those found in African and Asian countries (3,9,11,25). This may be explained by the fact that antibiotics are not delivered without prescription and that co-trimoxazole is used as the second line of defense in treating bacterial acute lower respiratory tract infections after amoxicillin failure.…”

Section: Vol 47 2003mentioning

confidence: 84%

Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated in Algiers, Algeria

Ramdani-Bouguessa¹,

Rahal

2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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There are few data on antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Algeria. Among 309 strains, 34.6% were penicillin G-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae strains (25.2% were intermediate and 9.4% were resistant). Serotypes 1, 5, 14, and 6 were the most frequent in invasive child infections. A multicenter study to standardize the national guidelines is needed.Acute lower respiratory tract infections and diarrheal diseases are still the most common causes of death of children in developing countries (8). In Algeria, in 1998, the morbidity rates for acute lower respiratory tract infections and diarrheal diseases from admitted children were 15 and 14.7%, while the mortality rates were 26 and 16%, respectively (18a).Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of pneumonia and the second cause of acute otitis media (AOM) and meningitis in Algeria (15,19). Despite its importance, little information on the antimicrobial resistance of this bacterium is known. The only preliminary report in the eastern part of the country showed that 12.5% were penicillin G-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSSP) (24).Resistance rates are usually higher in children, and variations in the distribution of the resistance between regions and countries are well known (1,7,13,21).In order to assess the rates of drug resistance and serotype distribution of pneumococci, especially in children, a study was conducted from January 1996 to October 2000.This work was presented, in part, at the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in San Diego, Calif. (N. Ramdani-Bouguessa, R. Denine, and K. Rahal, Abstr. 38th Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., abstr. E-15, 1998).A total of 309 consecutive strains were collected: 215 were from Béni-Messous hospital and 94 were from five health centers located in Algiers, Algeria. All isolates were sent to the Algeria Pasteur Institute for susceptibility testing and storage. Isolates were identified by alpha-hemolysis, susceptibility to optochin, and bile solubility. Strains were frozen first at Ϫ20 until 1998 and then Ϫ70°C.Susceptibility to erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, rifampin, and vancomycin (Sanofi Diagnostic Pasteur, Marnes-la-Coquette, France) was determined by the disk diffusion method. MICs were determined by agar dilution method for penicillin and by Etest (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) for amoxicillin and cefotaxime. A 0.5 McFarland solution was used to inoculate a Mueller-Hinton agar plate containing 5% sheep blood, incubated at 35°C in a CO 2 atmosphere. The ATCC 49619 and ATCC 49619 strains of S. pneumoniae were used as quality control. The breakpoints were those recommended by the NCCLS (17).Serotyping was first realized by latex agglutination at the Centre de Référence des Pneumocoques, Créteil, France (P. Geslin), and by Quellung reaction (5) in our laboratory dating back to 2000, using antisera from the Statens Serum Institute (Copenhagen, Denmark) kindly offered by the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. Fac...

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Two-Year Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Four African Cities

Cited by 49 publications

References 29 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility in community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults

Antimicrobial susceptibility in community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults

Antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible of acute respiratory tract infections in children

Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated in Algiers, Algeria

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