Structural phase transition in [Fe(bbtre)3](ClO4)2·2CH3CN (bbtre = 1,4-di(1-ethyl-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)butane) plays the role of a switch, allowing spin crossover to be carried out in two ways.
“…In comparison with 1-substituted tetrazole derivatives, studies on the family of 1,ω-di(tetrazol-2yl)alkanes (ω = 2, 50,51 6 52−54 ) also revealed their predisposition to form the heteroleptic systems in which N4 nitrogen atoms of four tetrazole rings create the equatorial plane of the coordination octahedron, whereas axial positions are saturated by nitrile molecules. Similarly to 2-substituted tetrazoles, also mono 1-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles 55−59 as well as their 1,5disubstituted derivatives 35,37,60 can form both homo-and heteroleptic complexes in which the Fe(II) ion is coordinated with six azoles 55,57,59 or with four 1,2,3-triazole rings and two axially coordinated nitriles. 35,37,58 It was also found in the 1,2,3-triazole-based family of coordination polymers that the presence of an alkyl spacer can be an origin of ligand flexibility.…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…37 Studies on the regioisomeric ligand, that is, 1,4-di(1-ethyl-1,2,3-triazol-5yl)butane (bbtre), revealed that in this case the occurrence of multiway spin crossover is also related to an ability of bbtre molecules to conformationally change. 60 In coordination compounds of the type [Fe-(azolyl) 4 (RCN) 2 ] (azolyl = tetrazol-2-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, RCN = organic nitrile), an origin of structural liability can also be, besides flexible bridging ligands, the presence of coordinated nitriles. It was established that two structural features of coordinated nitriles can affect the spin crossover behavior.…”
The reaction between 1,1′-di(tetrazol-1-ylo)methane
(1ditz)
and iron(II) tetrafluoroborate carried out in the presence of adiponitrile
(ADN) afforded the coordination compound [Fe2(μ-1ditz)4(μ-ADN)(ADN)2](BF4)4·2ADN. The 1ditz molecules bridge the Fe(II) ions in two directions,
resulting in a polymeric layer, whereas adiponitrile molecules join
1ditz-based units, extending the structure into the three-dimensional
network. One of the two axial coordination sites of Fe(II) is occupied
by monodentately coordinating adiponitrile. Dinitrile can also act
as guest molecules occupying the area between the 1ditz-based layers.
Cooling from room temperature triggers the structural phase transitions
HS(P1; a, b, c) → HS(P2; 2a, b, c) → LS(P3; a, b, c) (P, phase; HS,
high spin; and LS, low spin) associated with the conformational changes
of the adiponitrile molecules. In the cooling mode, T
1/2
↓ = 160 K, while in the heating mode T
1/2
↑ is equal to 185 K. Depending
on the further path of change of the temperature, it is possible (i)
to perform the same cooling/heating cycle (T
1/2
↓ = 160 K; T
1/2
↑ = 185 K) after the sample is reheated above 240
K or (ii) to execute the cooling with T
1/2
↓ = 167 K after the heating is stopped at 190 K,
where the phase with superlattice (P2) does not appear.
Both ways are reversible, and they are managed by conformational changes
of the adiponitrile molecules.
“…In comparison with 1-substituted tetrazole derivatives, studies on the family of 1,ω-di(tetrazol-2yl)alkanes (ω = 2, 50,51 6 52−54 ) also revealed their predisposition to form the heteroleptic systems in which N4 nitrogen atoms of four tetrazole rings create the equatorial plane of the coordination octahedron, whereas axial positions are saturated by nitrile molecules. Similarly to 2-substituted tetrazoles, also mono 1-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles 55−59 as well as their 1,5disubstituted derivatives 35,37,60 can form both homo-and heteroleptic complexes in which the Fe(II) ion is coordinated with six azoles 55,57,59 or with four 1,2,3-triazole rings and two axially coordinated nitriles. 35,37,58 It was also found in the 1,2,3-triazole-based family of coordination polymers that the presence of an alkyl spacer can be an origin of ligand flexibility.…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…37 Studies on the regioisomeric ligand, that is, 1,4-di(1-ethyl-1,2,3-triazol-5yl)butane (bbtre), revealed that in this case the occurrence of multiway spin crossover is also related to an ability of bbtre molecules to conformationally change. 60 In coordination compounds of the type [Fe-(azolyl) 4 (RCN) 2 ] (azolyl = tetrazol-2-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, RCN = organic nitrile), an origin of structural liability can also be, besides flexible bridging ligands, the presence of coordinated nitriles. It was established that two structural features of coordinated nitriles can affect the spin crossover behavior.…”
The reaction between 1,1′-di(tetrazol-1-ylo)methane
(1ditz)
and iron(II) tetrafluoroborate carried out in the presence of adiponitrile
(ADN) afforded the coordination compound [Fe2(μ-1ditz)4(μ-ADN)(ADN)2](BF4)4·2ADN. The 1ditz molecules bridge the Fe(II) ions in two directions,
resulting in a polymeric layer, whereas adiponitrile molecules join
1ditz-based units, extending the structure into the three-dimensional
network. One of the two axial coordination sites of Fe(II) is occupied
by monodentately coordinating adiponitrile. Dinitrile can also act
as guest molecules occupying the area between the 1ditz-based layers.
Cooling from room temperature triggers the structural phase transitions
HS(P1; a, b, c) → HS(P2; 2a, b, c) → LS(P3; a, b, c) (P, phase; HS,
high spin; and LS, low spin) associated with the conformational changes
of the adiponitrile molecules. In the cooling mode, T
1/2
↓ = 160 K, while in the heating mode T
1/2
↑ is equal to 185 K. Depending
on the further path of change of the temperature, it is possible (i)
to perform the same cooling/heating cycle (T
1/2
↓ = 160 K; T
1/2
↑ = 185 K) after the sample is reheated above 240
K or (ii) to execute the cooling with T
1/2
↓ = 167 K after the heating is stopped at 190 K,
where the phase with superlattice (P2) does not appear.
Both ways are reversible, and they are managed by conformational changes
of the adiponitrile molecules.
“…[29] Also regioisomeric 1,4-di(1-ethyl-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)butane (bbtre) forms with Fe(II) a 3D net [Fe-(bbtre) 3 ](ClO 4 ) 2 • 2CH 3 CN exhibiting an ability of multi way spin transitions accompanied by structural alterations. [30] Thus, structurally diverse coordination compounds based on ligands of common feature, that is, depending on linking two 1,2,3triazole rings through 1,4-butylene spacer, exhibit structural lability interconnected with spin crossover properties. The precursor of these compounds is the simplest ligand 1,4di(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)butane (bbtr).…”
Cooling [Fe(bbtr)3](BF4)2 (bbtr=1,4‐di(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)butane) triggers very slow spin crossover below 80 K (T1/2↓ = 76 K). The spin crossover (SCO) is accompanied by a hysteresis loop (T1/2↑ = 89 K). In contrast to isostructural perchlorate analogue [Fe(bbtr)3](ClO4)2 in which spin crossover during cooling is preceded by phase transition at TPT=126 K in tetrafluoroborate phase transition does not occur to the beginning of spin crossover (80 K). Studies of mixed crystals [Fe(bbtr)3](BF4)2(1‐x)(ClO4)2x (0.5≤x≤0.9) showed that a phase transition precedes spin crossover, however, for x ≅ 0.46 intersection of T1/2(x) and TPT(x) dependencies takes place. The application of pressure of 1 GPa shifts the spin crossover in [Fe(bbtr)3](BF4)2 to a temperature above 270 K. High‐pressure studies of neat tetrafluoroborate and perchlorate, as well as mixed crystals [Fe(bbtr)3](BF4)2(1‐x)(ClO4)2x (0.1≤x≤0.9), revealed that at 295 K P1/2 value changes linearly with x indicating similar mechanism of spin crossover under elevated pressure in all systems under investigation. Variable pressure single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies confirmed that in contrast to thermally induced spin crossover undergoing differently in tetrafluoroborate and perchlorate an application of high pressure removes this differentiation leading to a similar mechanism depending at first on start spin crossover and then P‐3→P‐1 phase transition occurs.
“…The occurrence of uncommon spin transitions in these complexes is associated with significant structural changes. An application of regioisomeric ligand bbtre leads to forming a three-dimensional coordination network in which the multi-way spin crossover is strongly related to conformational changes of the bridging ligands [5].Studies of bbtr-based coordination polymers revealed the importance of counterion. Therefore, we have expanded our studies on the application of triflate derivatives.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The occurrence of uncommon spin transitions in these complexes is associated with significant structural changes. An application of regioisomeric ligand bbtre leads to forming a three-dimensional coordination network in which the multi-way spin crossover is strongly related to conformational changes of the bridging ligands [5].…”
Spin crossover occurs in octahedral coordination compounds of the 3d 4 -3d 7 electronic configuration of metal ions. The most spectacular changes are observed in Fe(II) complexes, where the HS→LS (HS -high spin, LS -low spin) transition is associated with shortening of Fe-N distance at about 0.2 Å. Although an ability to change of spin state is an intrinsic feature of the metal ion, the spin crossover properties of bulky, crystalline samples depend on the crystal structure of the coordination compound. Thus, different compositions of first coordination spheres of metal ions or presence in the crystal lattice crystallography unique molecules can result in the complex course of γHS(T) dependence (γHS(T) -the molecular ratio of molecules in HS form). Most often, a two-step spin crossover can be observed in such a situation. Our studies on iron(II) coordination polymers based on 1,4-di(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)butane (bbtr) and its derivatives revealed a variety of spin crossover behaviours. [Fe(bbtr)3](ClO4)2 exhibits abrupt spin crossover accompanied by hysteresis loop (T1/2 = 112 K, T1/2 = 141 K) [1]. Importantly spin crossover in this complex is accompanied by structural phase transition P-3→P-1 depending on the shift of neighbouring polymeric layers. The structural phase transition has not been found in the tetrafluoroborate analogue, and the complex [Fe(bbtr) 3 ](BF 4 ) 2 remains in the HS form in the range 10-300 K[2]. The importance of structural changes on spin crossover properties showed our further studies using bbtr derivatives. An application of 1,4di(5-ethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)butane (ebbtr) leads to the formation of two-dimensional coordination polymers exhibiting unique spin crossover: "double"[3] and "normal and reverse"[4] transitions. The occurrence of uncommon spin transitions in these complexes is associated with significant structural changes. An application of regioisomeric ligand bbtre leads to forming a three-dimensional coordination network in which the multi-way spin crossover is strongly related to conformational changes of the bridging ligands [5].Studies of bbtr-based coordination polymers revealed the importance of counterion. Therefore, we have expanded our studies on the application of triflate derivatives. Synthesis performed between Fe(CF3SO3)2•6H2O and bbtr leads to forming a two-dimensional coordination polymer. The complex crystallizes in R-3 space group. The characteristic feature is the ordering of the half of bbtr bridging molecules and the presence of two crystallographically unique Fe(II) ions. Spin crossover is gradual and complete. Careful analysis of change of Fe-N distances revealed interesting phenomena. Namely, despite one-step spin crossover, both crystallographically unique Fe(II) ions change the spin state in different temperature ranges. Moreover, we have established the occurrence of very slow structural phase transition R-3→ P63. This structural transformation is associated with the vanishing of ligand disorder. Details concerning crystal structures of complexes be...
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