Two-way trade between unequal partners: The EU and the developing countries

Abstract

F12, F14,

Intra-industry trade in financial services

“…Balassa and Bauwens (1987), in addition to Stone and Lee (1995) and Nilsson (1999), found that the share of IIT is positively correlated with the average per-capita income between the two trading partners. In this study, average per-capita income between the US and her trading partner is used to measure the demand structure for banking services, with the expectation that higher average income leads to a higher supply of product differentiation.…”

The Asymmetric Effect of Endowments on Vertical Intra‐industrial Trade

“…This latter ratio is in line with the Adjusted Grubel–Lloyd Index (1975) that calculates the share of total intra‐industry trade over total volume of trade. As pointed out by Nilsson (1999), this index could fail to reflect interesting features of intra‐industry trade in cross‐country studies. First, this ratio is not scaled and therefore does not reflect the absolute level of intra‐industry trade.…”

O efeito da volatilidade da taxa de câmbio sobre o comércio internacional: uma investigação empírica sob a ótica da margem extensiva

“…Comumente, esta variável é vista como uma proxy dos custos de transporte (Nilsson, 1999), constituindo, dessa forma, uma barreira natural ao comércio. Os resultados aqui reportados indicam que a distância geográfica tende a majorar o custo de transporte, provocando uma redução na lucratividade das exportações.…”