Two Verticillium dahliae MAPKKKs, VdSsk2 and VdSte11, Have Distinct Roles in Pathogenicity, Microsclerotial Formation, and Stress Adaptation

Yu, Jae Hyeon; Li, Tianyu; Tian, Longyan; Tang, Chen; Klosterman, Steven J.; Tian, Chengming; Wang, Yonglin

doi:10.1128/msphere.00426-19

Cited by 34 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…dahliae (Figs B, , and , Fig. S8), and the role of the MAPK pathways in melanin biosynthesis is well characterized (Tzima et al ., ; Tian et al ., ; Tian et al ., ; Wang et al ., ; Yu et al ., ; Zheng et al ., ). Although VdSho1 did not show significant growth changes in response to nystatin, melanin accumulation, however, affected the membrane permeability mediated by nystatin treatment (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undoubtedly, gene deletion studies of various MAPK cascade components suggest a strong correlation between melanin biosynthesis and virulence in V . dahliae (Tzima et al ., ; Tian et al ., ; Tian et al ., ; Wang et al ., ; Yu et al ., ; Zheng et al ., ). Thus, the degree of influence of melanin may be contingent on the strain, and the host type challenged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Host penetration by V. dahliae requires a specialized infection structure called a hyphopodium, which develops following the sensing of extracellular signals from host plants and proper activation of the intracellular signalling pathways via various kinases and other signalling proteins, and is essential for penetration of plant roots Sarmiento-Villamil et al, 2018a;Sarmiento-Villamil et al, 2018b). The surface sensor and signal transduction studies have confirmed the role of these proteins in the pathogenesis in V. dahliae, including the kinases VdMsb (Tian et al, 2014), VdHog1 , VdPbs2 , VdSsk2 and VdSte11 (Yu et al, 2019), VdSsk1 (Zheng et al, 2019) and VMK1 (Tzima et al, 2010). For instance, deletion of the V. dahliae surface sensor gene Msb2 (VdMsb) significantly decreased virulence on cotton (Tian et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The surface sensor and signal transduction studies have confirmed the role of these proteins in the pathogenesis in V . dahliae , including the kinases VdMsb (Tian et al ., ), VdHog1 (Wang et al ., ), VdPbs2 (Tian et al ., 2016), VdSsk2 and VdSte11 (Yu et al ., ), VdSsk1 (Zheng et al ., ) and VMK1 (Tzima et al ., ). For instance, deletion of the V .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in V . dahliae melanin biosynthesis driven by sensor and MAPK cascades is correlated with pathogenicity in some studies (Tzima et al ., ; Tian et al ., ; Tian et al ., ; Wang et al ., ; Yu et al ., ; Zheng et al ., ). Deletion of the V .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Verticillium dahliae Sho1‐MAPK pathway regulates melanin biosynthesis and is required for cotton infection

Zhou

Yin

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Verticillium dahliae is a soil‐borne fungus that causes vascular wilt on numerous plants worldwide. The fungus survives in the soil for up to 14 years by producing melanized microsclerotia. The protective function of melanin in abiotic stresses is well documented. Here, we found that the V. dahliae tetraspan transmembrane protein VdSho1, a homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sho1, acts as an osmosensor, and is required for plant penetration and melanin biosynthesis. The deletion mutant ΔSho1 was incubated on a cellophane membrane substrate that mimics the plant epidermis, revealing that the penetration of ΔSho1 strain was reduced compared to the wild‐type strain. Furthermore, VdSho1 regulates melanin biosynthesis by a signalling mechanism requiring a kinase‐kinase signalling module of Vst50‐Vst11‐Vst7. Strains, ΔVst50, ΔVst7 and ΔVst11 also displayed defective penetration and melanin production like the ΔSho1 strain. Defects in penetration and melanin production in ΔSho1 were restored by overexpression of Vst50, suggesting that Vst50 lies downstream of VdSho1 in the regulatory pathway governing penetration and melanin biosynthesis. Data analyses revealed that the transmembrane portion of VdSho1 was essential for both membrane penetration and melanin production. This study demonstrates that Vst50‐Vst11‐Vst7 module regulates VdSho1‐mediated plant penetration and melanin production in V. dahliae, contributing to virulence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Verticillium dahliae Sho1‐MAPK pathway regulates melanin biosynthesis and is required for cotton infection

Zhou

Yin

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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VdERG2 was involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, nutritional differentiation and virulence of Verticillium dahliae

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Curr Genet

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The ergosterol biosynthesis pathway plays an important role in model pathogenic bacteria Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but little is known about the biosynthesis of ergosterol in pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae. In this study, we identi ed the VdERG2 gene encoding sterol C-8 isomerase from V. dahliae and investigated its function in virulence by generating gene deletion mutants (ΔVdEGR2) and complemented mutants (C-ΔVdEGR2). Deletion of VdERG2 reduced ergosterol content. The conidial germination rate and conidial yield of ΔVdERG2 decreased signi cantly, and abnormal conidia were produced. In spite of VdERG2 did not affect the utilization of carbon sources by V. dahliae, but ΔVdERG2 observed a decrease in melanin production when cellulose and pectin were used as sole carbon sources, respectively. The ability of mutants ΔVdERG2 to produce microsclerotia and melanin decreased and the knockout of VdERG2 led to a signi cant decrease in the expression of microsclerotia and melanin-related genes Va M, Vayg1, VDH1, VdLAC, VdSCD and VT4HR. In addition, mutants ΔVdEGR2-1 and ΔVdEGR2-2 were very sensitive to congo red (CR), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) stresses, indicating that VdEGR2 was involved in cell wall and oxidative stress response. The absence of VdERG2 weakened the penetration ability of mycelium on cellophane and affected the growth of mycelium on cellophane. Although ΔVdERG2 could infect cotton, its pathogenicity was signi cantly impaired. These phenotypic defects in ΔVdERG2 could be complemented by reintroduction of a fulllength VdERG2 gene. In summary, as a single conservative secretory protein, VdERG2 played a crucial role in ergosterol biosynthesis, nutritional differentiation and virulence in V. dahliae.

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A complete MAP kinase cascade controls hyphopodium formation and virulence of Verticillium dahliae

Qin

Wang

et al. 2023

aBIOTECH

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Phytopathogens develop specialized infection-related structures to penetrate plant cells during infection. Different from phytopathogens that form appressoria or haustoria, the soil-borne root-infecting fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae forms hyphopodia during infection, which further differentiate into penetration pegs to promote infection. The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of hyphopodium formation in V. dahliae remain poorly characterized. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are highly conserved cytoplasmic kinases that regulate diverse biological processes in eukaryotes. Here we found that deletion of VdKss1, out of the five MAPKs encoded by V. dahliae, significantly impaired V. dahliae hyphopodium formation, in vitro penetration, and pathogenicity in cotton plants. Constitutive activation of MAPK kinase (MAPKK) VdSte7 and MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) VdSte11 specifically activate VdKss1. Deletion of VdSte7 or VdSte11 resulted in a phenotype similar to that of the mutant with VdKss1 deletion. Thus, this study demonstrates that VdSte11-VdSte7-VdKss1 is a core MAPK cascade that regulates hyphopodium formation and pathogenicity in V. dahliae.

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Two Verticillium dahliae MAPKKKs, VdSsk2 and VdSte11, Have Distinct Roles in Pathogenicity, Microsclerotial Formation, and Stress Adaptation

Cited by 34 publications

References 69 publications

The Verticillium dahliae Sho1‐MAPK pathway regulates melanin biosynthesis and is required for cotton infection

The Verticillium dahliae Sho1‐MAPK pathway regulates melanin biosynthesis and is required for cotton infection

VdERG2 was involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, nutritional differentiation and virulence of Verticillium dahliae

A complete MAP kinase cascade controls hyphopodium formation and virulence of Verticillium dahliae

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