Two types of embryos with different functions are generated in the polyembryonic wasp Macrocentrus cingulum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Hu, Jian; Wang, Peng; Zhang, Wenqing

doi:10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.007

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Subsequently, the egg cleaves into several dozens of primary embryonic cells, one of which may further develop into a morula containing dozens of secondary embryonic embryos (SEE). SEE may develop into an embryo, which developed into a larva, or a pseudogerm, which was finally consumed by hatched larvae [ 8 ]. Proliferation of embryos are mainly related to the egg cleavage and the formation of morula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genomic features of parasitism, Polyembryony and immune evasion in the endoparasitic wasp Macrocentrus cingulum

Yin

et al. 2018

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundParasitoid wasps are well-known natural enemies of major agricultural pests and arthropod borne diseases. The parasitoid wasp Macrocentrus cingulum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) has been widely used to control the notorious insect pests Ostrinia furnacalis (Asian Corn Borer) and O. nubilalis (European corn borer). One striking phenomenon exhibited by M. cingulum is polyembryony, the formation of multiple genetically identical offspring from a single zygote. Moreover, M. cingulum employs a passive parasitic strategy by preventing the host’s immune system from recognizing the embryo as a foreign body. Thus, the embryos evade the host’s immune system and are not encapsulated by host hemocytes. Unfortunately, the mechanism of both polyembryony and immune evasion remains largely unknown.ResultsWe report the genome of the parasitoid wasp M. cingulum. Comparative genomics analysis of M. cingulum and other 11 insects were conducted, finding some gene families with apparent expansion or contraction which might be linked to the parasitic behaviors or polyembryony of M. cingulum. Moreover, we present the evidence that the microRNA miR-14b regulates the polyembryonic development of M. cingulum by targeting the c-Myc Promoter-binding Protein 1 (MBP-1), histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2E (KMT2E) and segmentation protein Runt. In addition, Hemomucin, an O-glycosylated transmembrane protein, protects the endoparasitoid wasp larvae from being encapsulated by host hemocytes. Motif and domain analysis showed that only the hemomucin in two endoparasitoids, M. cingulum and Venturia canescens, possessing the ability of passive immune evasion has intact mucin domain and similar O-glycosylation patterns, indicating that the hemomucin is a key factor modulating the immune evasion.ConclusionsThe microRNA miR-14b participates in the regulation of polyembryonic development, and the O-glycosylation of the mucin domain in the hemomucin confers the passive immune evasion in this wasp. These key findings provide new insights into the polyembryony and immune evasion.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4783-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genomic features of parasitism, Polyembryony and immune evasion in the endoparasitic wasp Macrocentrus cingulum

Yin

et al. 2018

BMC Genomics

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“…In this study, O. furnacalis larvae after parasitization consumed more glucose and transported more lipids into the hemolymph (Figures 6b and 8), suggesting more energy was consumed during the period of first 48 h post parasitization in O. furnacalis larvae. However, the wasp egg of M. cingulum just forms primary morula and primary embryonic cells on the second day after parasitization (Hu et al, 2015), indicating the egg of wasp should not take a lot of energy from its host. Whereas when the wasp egg starts to take a large amount of energy from O. furnacalis larvae is still unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polyembryonic parasitoid M. cingulum that belongs to the family of koinobionts, can keep the hosts growing until the wasp larvae complete their larval stage in their host (Pennacchio et al, 2014). Once O. furnacalis larva is parasitized by M. cingulum, oviposited egg will develop from egg to third instar within O. furnacalis larvae for about 12 days (Hu et al, 2015). During this period, the larval O. furnacalis could feed and grow as usual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis provides insights into the immune responses and nutrition in Ostrinia furnacalis larvae parasitized by Macrocentrus cingulum

Chen

Song

et al. 2021

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Macrocentrus cingulum is a principal endoparasite of Ostrinia furnacalis larvae. M. cingulum larvae repress host immune responses for survival and ingest host nutrients for development until emerging. However, most investigations focused on the mechanisms of how wasps repress the host immunity, the triggered immune responses and nutrient status altered by wasps in host are neglected. In this study, we found that parasitized O. furnacalis larvae activated fast recognition responses and produced some effectors such as lysozyme and antimicrobial peptides, along with more consumption of trehalose, glucose, and even lipid to defend against the invading M. cingulum. However, the expression of peroxidase 6 and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD 2) was upregulated, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of cellular immunity-related genes such as thioester-containing protein 2 (TEP 2) and hemocytin were also reduced, suggesting that some immune responses were selectively shut down by wasp parasitization. Taken together, all the results indicated that parasitized O. furnacalis larvae selectively activate the immune recognition response, and upregulate effector genes, but suppress ROS reaction and cellular

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Overview of Polyembryony

Iwabuchi

2019

Entomology Monographs

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Two types of embryos with different functions are generated in the polyembryonic wasp Macrocentrus cingulum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

The genomic features of parasitism, Polyembryony and immune evasion in the endoparasitic wasp Macrocentrus cingulum

The genomic features of parasitism, Polyembryony and immune evasion in the endoparasitic wasp Macrocentrus cingulum

Transcriptomic analysis provides insights into the immune responses and nutrition in Ostrinia furnacalis larvae parasitized by Macrocentrus cingulum

Overview of Polyembryony

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