Two-tone distortion products in a nonlinear model of the basilar membrane

Hall, J. L.

doi:10.1121/1.1903519

Cited by 104 publications

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“…If we make the reasonable assumption that the V0 component of the receptor potential is produced by the asymmetric rectification of stereocilia displacement into membrane conductance change, then the non-linearity must be localized to the micromechanics of the stereocilia and/or to the mechanoelectric transduction of these displacements into membrane conductance changes or perhaps to some mechanism that couples these processes (Weiss, 1982 (Goodman, Smith & Chamberlain, 1982), and in discharges of cochlear nerve fibres (Sachs & Abbas, 1974;Harrison, 1981) in mammals. Such non-linearities can be produced by models of cochlear macromechanics that include non-linear damping of the cochlear partition (Hubbard & Geisler, 1972;Kim, Molnar & Pfeiffer, 1973;Hall, 1974Hall, , 1977a (Crawford & Fettiplace, 1980a, b, 1981 Fettiplace & Crawford, 1978& Crawford, , 1980; and in vivo in inner hair cells in the organ of Corti in the guinea-pig, Caviaporcellus, (Russell & Sellick, 1977, 1978Sellick, 1979;Brown, Nuttall, Masta & Lawrence, 1981) and in the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, (Goodman, Smith & Chamberlain, 1982 Crawford & Fettiplace (1980a have interpreted this result to indicate that a substantial fraction of the frequency selectivity of responses to acoustic stimuli is due to resonant electrical properties of the hair-cell membrane. According to their view, frequency selectivity in their preparation is determined by a broadly selective mechanical filter that represents transmission to the mechanical input to the hair cell followed by a sharply selective electrical resonance of the hair-cell membrane.…”

Section: Frequency-dependent Compressive Non-linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor potentials of lizard cochlear hair cells with free‐standing stereocilia in response to tones.

Holton¹,

Weiß²

1983

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Intracellular potentials were recorded with micropipettes from hair cells with free-standing stereocilia in the cochleae of anaesthetized alligator lizards.2. Wave forms of intracellular responses to click stimuli were classified into three types: hair cells, supporting cells, and untuned cells. We studied primarily the responses of hair cells to tonal stimuli.3. For most frequencies, f, and levels, P, of tone-burst stimuli, the response envelope of the receptor potential increases monotonically at the tone-burst onset, and decreases monotonically at tone-burst offset. Overshoot in the envelope of the response at the onset and offset of tone bursts is observed only for tone bursts of low f, high P, and short ( and V' components was measured by means of iso-voltage (iso-V0 and iso-V,)contours. Iso-V0 and iso-V' contours are V-shaped: the maximum sensitivity occurs at a characteristic frequency (c.f. ). The shapes of these contours near the c.f. depend on the values of V0 and V1 at which the contours were measured and are sharper for lower values of V1 and V1. The mean slopes of the low-and high-frequency sides of these contours are: -45-0 and + 85-1 dB/decade for iso-V0 contours (n = 26), and -33'6 and + 103'8 dB/decade for iso-V1 contours (n = 28).6. The receptor potential has non-linear properties. The magnitudes and phase angles of V0, 'l, V2, and V3 receptor-potential components were measured as a function of P for different f. The slopes of level functions (the dependence of log V0 and log V1I on log P) were measured at low levels for different f. T. HOLTON AND T. F. WEISSdiffering from c.f. by more than a half-octave, the slope for VT is between 1 and 2 with a mean of 1P3; the slope for V1 is about 1, i.e. V11 increases approximately linearly with P. For frequencies near c.f., the slopes for V0 and V1 are approximately 0-8 and 0 5, respectively, indicating the presence of a compressive non-linearity. An effect of this frequency-dependent non-linearity is to sharpen the frequency selectivity at lower response magnitudes for f near c.f.7. The receptor potential shows low-pass filtering. Whereas the maximum response magnitude of V0 (i.e. the saturation value measured at high P) does not depend on f, the maximum Vj decreases by approximately 20 dB/decade with increasing f. Values of IIJ1I measured at a constant value of V0 also decline by approximately 20 dB/decade.8. Many of the results are consistent with the predictions of a three-stage model of the generation of the receptor potential. The first stage, which represents the mechanical properties ofthe middle and inner ear, is a linear, time-invariant, band-pass filter; the second stage, which represents mechanoelectric transduction in hair cells, is a zero-memory non-linearity; the third stage, which represents the electrical properties of hair cells, is a linear, time-invariant, low-pass filter. However, the results differ from the model predictions for low-level acoustic stimuli near c.f., and indicate the presence of a frequency-dependent compr...

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Section: Frequency-dependent Compressive Non-linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor potentials of lizard cochlear hair cells with free‐standing stereocilia in response to tones.

Holton¹,

Weiß²

1983

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Introducing nonlinearity to the damping coefficient of cochlear models ͑Kim et Hall, 1974͒ enabled the simulation of distortion products ͑DPs͒ and other nonlinear responses. In several subsequent studies, the damping coefficient was allowed to be negative at low intensity so sounds were amplified in a frequency-and place-specific manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distortion product emissions from a cochlear model with nonlinear mechanoelectrical transduction in outer hair cells

Liu

Neely

2010

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

105

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A model of cochlear mechanics is described in which force-producing outer hair cells ͑OHC͒ are embedded in a passive cochlear partition. The OHC mechanoelectrical transduction current is nonlinearly modulated by reticular-lamina ͑RL͒ motion, and the resulting change in OHC membrane voltage produces contraction between the RL and the basilar membrane ͑BM͒. Model parameters were chosen to produce a tonotopic map typical of a human cochlea. Time-domain simulations showed compressive BM displacement responses typical of mammalian cochleae. Distortion product ͑DP͒ otoacoustic emissions at 2f 1 − f 2 are plotted as isolevel contours against primary levels ͑L 1 , L 2 ͒ for various primary frequencies f 1 and f 2 ͑f 1 Ͻ f 2 ͒. The L 1 at which the DP reaches its maximum level increases as L 2 increases, and the slope of the "optimal" linear path decreases as f 2 / f 1 increases. When primary levels and f 2 are fixed, DP level is band passed against f 1 . In the presence of a suppressor, DP level generally decreases as suppressor level increases and as suppressor frequency gets closer to f 2 ; however, there are exceptions. These results, being similar to data from human ears, suggest that the model could be used for testing hypotheses regarding DP generation and propagation in human cochleae.

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“…This is certainly not a long-term effect, it is caused by variations in signal transmission that are as fast as the waveforms of the components of the stimulus. The effect can be explained, for instance, by assuming that the damping in the auditory filtering process depends upon the instantaneous amplitude of the filtered stimulus (Hall 1974) but this explanation is certainly not the only possible one. 5.…”

Section: Filtering and Nonlinearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

On ringing limits of the auditory periphery

Boer

Kruidenier

1990

Biol. Cybern.

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In classical hearing theory frequency and time have been treated as nearly independent acoustical dimensions. In this paper the interaction between temporal and spectral aspects is studied. An important determinant in this respect is the filtering of auditory stimuli in the cochlea. A view of auditory filtering that is balanced in frequency and time is obtained from the 'reverse-correlation function', abbreviated: revcor function. This function is derived from the response of an auditory-nerve fibre to a white-noise sound stimulus. It is a useful descriptor of peripheral filtering for a wide class of stimuli in which effects of nonlinear distortion are of minor importance. Measured revcor functions can be approximated by a standard mathematical function of which the parameters have a clear meaning. For these functions the spread in time and in frequency are uniquely related to one another. This relation is carried over to the case of cochlear filtering and applied to two important cases: stimulation by signals with small and with large amplitude variations. The results turn out to be markedly different in these two cases. In the final section the relevance of the results to various other fields of auditory research is discussed.

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Two-tone distortion products in a nonlinear model of the basilar membrane

Cited by 104 publications

References 0 publications

Receptor potentials of lizard cochlear hair cells with free‐standing stereocilia in response to tones.

Receptor potentials of lizard cochlear hair cells with free‐standing stereocilia in response to tones.

Distortion product emissions from a cochlear model with nonlinear mechanoelectrical transduction in outer hair cells

On ringing limits of the auditory periphery

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