Two-Tiered Sensor Placement for Large Water Distribution Network Models

Klise, Katherine A.; Phillips, Cynthia A.; Janke, Robert

doi:10.1061/(asce)is.1943-555x.0000156

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Networks E2 and E3 were used by Watson et al [61] as their Network2 and Network3, respectively; they have made the models for these two networks available. Network E3 was used by Klise et al [62], who labeled it BWSN and by Ostfeld et al [63], who called it Network 2.…”

Section: Application and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Inhalation Exposures Associated with Contamination Events in Water Distribution Systems

2016

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When a water distribution system (WDS) is contaminated, short-term inhalation exposures to airborne contaminants could occur as the result of domestic water use. The most important domestic sources of such exposures are likely to be showering and the use of aerosol-producing humidifiers, i.e., ultrasonic and impeller (cool-mist) units. A framework is presented for assessing the potential effects of short-term, system-wide inhalation exposures that could result from such activities during a contamination event. This framework utilizes available statistical models for showering frequency and duration, available exposure models for showering and humidifier use, and experimental results on both aerosol generation and the volatilization of chemicals during showering. New models for the times when showering occurs are developed using time-use data for the United States. Given a lack of similar models for how humidifiers are used, or the information needed to develop them, an analysis of the sensitivity of results to assumptions concerning humidifier use is presented. The framework is applied using network models for three actual WDSs. Simple models are developed for estimating upper bounds on the potential effects of system-wide inhalation exposures associated with showering and humidifier use. From a system-wide, population perspective, showering could result in significant inhalation doses of volatile chemical contaminants, and humidifier use could result in significant inhalation doses of microbial contaminants during a contamination event. From a system-wide perspective, showering is unlikely to be associated with significant doses of microbial contaminants. Given the potential importance of humidifiers as a source of airborne contaminants during a contamination event, an improved understanding of the nature of humidifier use is warranted.

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Section: Application and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Inhalation Exposures Associated with Contamination Events in Water Distribution Systems

2016

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“…This effectively contracts a connected piece of the network into a single node, called a supernode. Skeletonized networks can be used to define geographic proximity in a two-tiered sensor placement approach for large network models (Klise et al, 2013).…”

Section: Limited-memory Sensor Placement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Security Toolkit User Manual Version 1.2.

Klise¹,

Siirola²,

Hart³

et al. 2014

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The Water Security Toolkit (WST) is a suite of open source software tools that can be used by water utilities to create response strategies to reduce the impact of contamination in a water distribution network. WST includes hydraulic and water quality modeling software, optimization methodologies, and visualization tools to identify: (1) sensor locations to detect contamination, (2) locations in the network in which the contamination was introduced, (3) hydrants to remove contaminated water from the distribution system, (4) locations in the network to inject decontamination agents to inactivate, remove, or destroy contaminants, (5) locations in the network to take grab samples to help identify the source of contamination and (6) valves to close in order to isolate contaminated areas of the network. This user manual describes the different components of WST, along with examples and case studies. License Notice The Water Security Toolkit (WST) v.1.2 Copyright c 2012 Sandia Corporation. Under the terms of Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000, there is a non-exclusive license for use of this work by or on behalf of the U.S. government. This software is distributed under the Revised BSD License (see below). In addition, WST leverages a variety of third-party software packages, which have separate licensing policies:

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“…The accessibility rule ranks different nodes based on the number of downstream nodes that can be protected by a node; while complexity rule ranks different node based on number of inner nodes. Klise et al (2013) suggested a two stage approach, in which sensors are placed at nodes of reduced network in first stage and transferred to nodes of original network in the second stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GA Based Multi-Objective Sensor Placement Approach for Contamination Detection in Water Distribution Networks

Rathi¹,

Santhini²,

Gupta³

2015

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015

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Sensors are provided in water distribution networks to: (1) Assures quality of water delivered to consumers; (2) Early detection of contamination events so as to minimize its consequences. Most of the multi-objective techniques consider the second purpose and almost ignore the first purpose. In this study, a sensor placement problem is formulated to cover these two performance objectives through maximization of: (1) Demand coverage; and (2) Time-constrained detection likelihood. These two objectives are combined into a single objective by using weights. Several solutions are obtained by varying the weights of two objectives. Genetic Algorithm is used to obtain optimum sensor locations. The methodology is applied on a bench mark problem. The proposed formulation requires pre-specified value of time of detection as level of service that need to be judicially selected for the network.

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Two-Tiered Sensor Placement for Large Water Distribution Network Models

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Assessing Inhalation Exposures Associated with Contamination Events in Water Distribution Systems

Assessing Inhalation Exposures Associated with Contamination Events in Water Distribution Systems

Water Security Toolkit User Manual Version 1.2.

GA Based Multi-Objective Sensor Placement Approach for Contamination Detection in Water Distribution Networks

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