Two tales of one city: Unequal vulnerability and resilience to COVID-19 by socioeconomic status in Wuhan, China

Wu, Xiaogang; Li, Xiaoguang; Lu, Yao; Hout, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2021.100584

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Regarding low-income parents or ethnic or racial minority groups, it was found that physical distancing measures or quarantines were interwoven with privilege of space or resources. Privilege in terms of higher income and higher socioeconomic status protected individuals from adverse impacts of the pandemic in China ( Wu et al, 2021 ). Higher socioeconomic status, hence higher class, granted access to hygiene supplies, consisted of financial security due to non-precarious employment status, and provided access to a community that offered further resources.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using an Intersectional Lens on Vulnerability and Resilience in Minority and/or Marginalized Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

Siller

Aydin

2022

Front. Psychol.

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Throughout the pandemic, the media and scholars have widely discussed increasing social inequality and thereby publicly pointed to often hidden and neglected forms of inequality. However, the “newly” arisen awareness has not yet been put into action to reduce this inequality. Dealing with social inequality implies exploring and confronting social privileges, which are often seen as the other side of inequality. These social constructs, inequality and privilege, are often discussed in light of vulnerability and resilience. This is particularly important in the context of the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to end the pandemic, as both constructs are discussed regarding access to healthcare, vaccination, and education and knowledge, misinformation, social resources, economic resources, and so forth. Minority and/or marginalized groups may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, resilience factors in these groups may be neglected and underreported. This narrative review aims at illustrating the specific and intertwined aspects of resilience and vulnerability in minority and/or marginalized groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this, we use an intersectional lens based on recommendations made by Moradi and Grzanka. A total of 48 articles were included in the narrative review. Most of them were commentaries focusing on social inequality, vulnerability, and/or resilience. Based on the dissection of articles at structural, systemic, and individual levels, we propose three hypothesis on vulnerability and resilience in minority and marginalized individuals and groups: (1) social inequality must be considered at a global level; inequality at a global level translates into a vulnerable context for an individual; (2) vulnerability is historically situated: vulnerability (experienced during the pandemic) is maintained and reinforced by history; (3) strength through collective (historical) hardship: vulnerability is not the opposite of resilience but may serve as an aspect of resilience. The conclusions drawn from this review show that we need to include diverse voices to advance concepts, such as vulnerability and resilience, in minority and marginalized groups. Additionally, these concepts are not necessarily in opposition to each other, but vulnerability should be understood as an integral part of resilience.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using an Intersectional Lens on Vulnerability and Resilience in Minority and/or Marginalized Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

Siller

Aydin

2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…Both of these conditions may allow the virus to survive for longer periods of time in rivers and streams, which raises the question of whether SARS-CoV-2 in these waters can be a source of infections and thus contribute to the spread of COVID-19. The implications of this in communities such as Sao Remo would be tremendous as fecal-oral spread of COVID-19 would deapen the socioeconomic inequalities already observed for this disease ( Costa et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2021 ). Because of this, we attempted viral culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 in a stream running through an underprivileged, underserved, urban settlement in São Paulo, Brazil: A 7-month follow-up

Razzolini

Barbosa

Araújo

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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COVID-19 pandemic has led to concerns on the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment, its infectivity from the environment and, the relevance of transmission via environmental compartments. During 31 weeks, water samples were collected from a heavily contaminated stream going through an urban, underprivileged community without sewage collection. Our results showed a statistically significant correlation between cases of COVID-19 and SARS in the community, and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in the water. Based on the model, if the concentrations of SARS-CoV-RNA (N1 and N2 target regions) increase 10 times, there is an expected increase of 104% [95%CI: (62–157%)] and 92% [95%CI: (51–143%)], respectively, in the number of cases of COVID-19 and SARS. We believe that differences in concentration of the virus in the environment reflect the epidemiological status in the community, which may be important information for surveillance and controlling dissemination in areas with vulnerable populations and poor sanitation. None of the samples were found infectious based cultures. Our results may be applicable globally as similar communities exist worldwide.

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“…Therefore, the epidemic has exacerbated the gender inequalities that already existed within families and workplaces [ 32 ]. Wu et al examined the impact of socioeconomic status on health inequalities and found that an individual’s socioeconomic status can influence access to daily protective gear, employment status and community environment, which in turn can affect the risk of infection as well as mental health [ 33 ].…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Contact Network of Patients at the Beginning of an Epidemic Outbreak: An Analysis Based on 1218 COVID-19 Cases in China

Yang

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The spread of viruses essentially occurs through the interaction and contact between people, which is closely related to the network of interpersonal relationships. Based on the epidemiological investigations of 1218 COVID-19 cases in eight areas of China, we use text analysis, social network analysis and visualization methods to construct a dynamic contact network of the epidemic. We analyze the corresponding demographic characteristics, network indicators, and structural characteristics of this network. We found that more than 65% of cases are likely to be infected by a strong relationship, and nearly 40% of cases have family members infected at the same time. The overall connectivity of the contact network is low, but there are still some clustered infections. In terms of the degree distribution, most cases’ degrees are concentrated between 0 and 2, which is relatively low, and only a few ones have a higher degree value. The degree distribution also conforms to the power law distribution, indicating the network is a scale-free network. There are 17 cases with a degree greater than 10, and these cluster infections are usually caused by local transmission. The first implication of this research is we find that the COVID-19 spread is closely related to social structures by applying computational sociological methods for infectious disease studies; the second implication is to confirm that text analysis can quickly visualize the spread trajectory at the beginning of an epidemic.

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Two tales of one city: Unequal vulnerability and resilience to COVID-19 by socioeconomic status in Wuhan, China

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Using an Intersectional Lens on Vulnerability and Resilience in Minority and/or Marginalized Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

Using an Intersectional Lens on Vulnerability and Resilience in Minority and/or Marginalized Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

SARS-CoV-2 in a stream running through an underprivileged, underserved, urban settlement in São Paulo, Brazil: A 7-month follow-up

Complex Contact Network of Patients at the Beginning of an Epidemic Outbreak: An Analysis Based on 1218 COVID-19 Cases in China

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