“…The tourism literature conceptualizes place identity as an objective reality that concerns to the physical, cultural and historical place characteristics (Hofstede, 2014; Skinner and Kubacki, 2007) or to the sense of belonging degree (Kalandides, 2011; Mueller & Schade, 2012). From a brand management perspective, place brand identity relates to the sender’s perspective, whereas the place brand image is the sum of the receiver’s beliefs, ideas and impressions (Florek et al, 2006; Peighambari et al, 2016). Some scholars, however, posit that place brand identity and place brand image continually interact (Kavaratzis & Hatch, 2013) and reinforce each other (Cai, 2002) in the brand-building process.…”
Purpose: Place branding is a discipline with high relevance for a city's policymakers and for hospitality and tourism management, and this is even more true in the context of creative cities. This article explores how the creative class contributes to a city’s brand identity and, by doing so, delivers valuable advice for marketing representatives of creative cities. Design/methodology/approach: Our study builds on a qualitative study, interviewing 18 members of the creative class in 3 diverse European cities. Our methodology was based on grounded theory: We simultaneously collected and analysed data and created analytic codes and categories. Findings: This article suggests that the creative class is an important enactment stakeholder in the identity formation process of a place, as well as destination marketing organizations (DMOs) and other stakeholders. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the creative class co-creates a city’s brand identity by bringing new rhythms and forms of expression to the cityscape. Originality: This article contributes to the fast-growing place brand identity literature by exploring the role of the creative class in the context of cities. It also intends to provide a better understanding of how the creative class co-creates and contributes to their city’s brand identity. Since similar studies do not exist, our article fills an important research gap. Research limitations/implications: Our study shares the limitations of qualitative studies, but the resulting conceptual model of brand management in the context of a creative city offers a springboard for future research in this regard. Practical implications: City representatives and tourist managers need to understand what is the value-in-use generated by the creative class in the brand identity process and must be aware that the creative class plays a key role in delivering the brand message.
“…The tourism literature conceptualizes place identity as an objective reality that concerns to the physical, cultural and historical place characteristics (Hofstede, 2014; Skinner and Kubacki, 2007) or to the sense of belonging degree (Kalandides, 2011; Mueller & Schade, 2012). From a brand management perspective, place brand identity relates to the sender’s perspective, whereas the place brand image is the sum of the receiver’s beliefs, ideas and impressions (Florek et al, 2006; Peighambari et al, 2016). Some scholars, however, posit that place brand identity and place brand image continually interact (Kavaratzis & Hatch, 2013) and reinforce each other (Cai, 2002) in the brand-building process.…”
Purpose: Place branding is a discipline with high relevance for a city's policymakers and for hospitality and tourism management, and this is even more true in the context of creative cities. This article explores how the creative class contributes to a city’s brand identity and, by doing so, delivers valuable advice for marketing representatives of creative cities. Design/methodology/approach: Our study builds on a qualitative study, interviewing 18 members of the creative class in 3 diverse European cities. Our methodology was based on grounded theory: We simultaneously collected and analysed data and created analytic codes and categories. Findings: This article suggests that the creative class is an important enactment stakeholder in the identity formation process of a place, as well as destination marketing organizations (DMOs) and other stakeholders. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the creative class co-creates a city’s brand identity by bringing new rhythms and forms of expression to the cityscape. Originality: This article contributes to the fast-growing place brand identity literature by exploring the role of the creative class in the context of cities. It also intends to provide a better understanding of how the creative class co-creates and contributes to their city’s brand identity. Since similar studies do not exist, our article fills an important research gap. Research limitations/implications: Our study shares the limitations of qualitative studies, but the resulting conceptual model of brand management in the context of a creative city offers a springboard for future research in this regard. Practical implications: City representatives and tourist managers need to understand what is the value-in-use generated by the creative class in the brand identity process and must be aware that the creative class plays a key role in delivering the brand message.
“…The concept of 'city image' influences how the city is perceived in people's minds (Gilboa et al, 2015), and refers to spatial and tangible dimensions of the city's physical environment, such as its location in the country, its characteristic architecture, as well as its services, transportation, and entertainment facilities. City image can also refer to intangible factors, such as its business opportunities (Peighambari et al, 2016), but generally does not include aspects of the cities' social identities, neighbourhoods, and places (McCarthy, 2006).…”
Section: City Image City Identity and Urban Planningmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From this perspective, the sustainability of gambling establishments is not measured in a quantified sum of costs and benefits (e.g., Anielski & Braaten, 2008). Instead, our perspective tends towards the less tangible factors of the city image (Gilboa et al, 2015;Peighambari et al, 2016), city identity (McCarthy, 2006), and place-belongingness (e.g., Antonsich, 2010;Kuurne & Gómez 2019).…”
While the social and economic costs and benefits of new gambling locations have been studied extensively, less is known about how new venues are experienced in view of city residents’ spatial and sociocultural identities. This study examines residents’ opinions and expectations on a new small-scale casino in the City of Tampere, Finland, as a case of new gambling opportunities in an urban setting. Nine focus group interviews were conducted with 43 Tampere residents three years prior to the scheduled casino opening. The study points out ways in which the residents struggled conceptually with the casino project. When speaking about it, participants drew on an imagery of popular culture, drawing a sharp line between casino gambling and the everyday convenience gambling so omnipresent in Finnish society. As residents of a historical industrial urban region, the participants positioned themselves as critical towards the municipality’s aims to brand the venue in a larger experience economy entity. By drawing on the concepts of city image and city identity, the study is able to demonstrate that the cultural geographical intrusion of new physical gambling spaces can appear as harmful to the city character. In the studied case, this is likely to hamper the City of Tampere’s chances to prevail on the very same experience market, of which the new casino is part.
“…This SLR includes 36 studies published in 2009-2020 in the following schedule: in 2020-1 study [75], in 2019-five studies [76][77][78][79][80], in 2018-seven studies [81][82][83][84][85][86][87], in 2017-five studies [88][89][90][91][92], in 2016-three studies [93][94][95], in 2015-two studies [96,97], in 2014-seven studies [98][99][100][101][102][103][104], in 2014-four studies [104][105][106][107], in 2012-one study [108], and in 2009-one study [109].…”
The aim of this study is to analyze factors determining city brand equity (CBE) on the bases of a systematic literature review (SLR) according to a procedure developed by Tranfield. Five databases were searched (Scopus, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Elsevier) for studies containing the term ‘city brand equity’. In addition, databases were searched for ‘destination brand equity’ and ‘place brand equity’ statements focusing on city brands. This SLR contains 36 empirical studies and does not include conference materials, and books. The analysis was based on three issues: general information (author/authors, year of publication, research tools, sample size, city and country as well as sample population), research specification (variables, hypotheses or research questions, statistical methods and research tools), and findings related to CBE and practical implications for destination marketing organizations, and destination or city managers. In summary, there are many factors determining CBE, including brand image, brand quality and brand awareness. These factors are related to cultural, environmental and ecological elements, as well as infrastructure and services offered to tourists. Brand assets related to the perception of the city brands in various aspects also proved to be important.
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