“…2 the experimental S(Q) values are compared with the results of MD simulation for the pure sodium and Na-Pb alloys with the lead concentration of 2 and 9 at.% at 698 K (see details in [20,21]). For liquid sodium modeling the Fourier-transformation of Ashcroft's local potential [22] was used.…”
“…2 the experimental S(Q) values are compared with the results of MD simulation for the pure sodium and Na-Pb alloys with the lead concentration of 2 and 9 at.% at 698 K (see details in [20,21]). For liquid sodium modeling the Fourier-transformation of Ashcroft's local potential [22] was used.…”
“…MD simulations of density fluctuations in liquid metals [9,10] have shown that their dense tetrahedral clusters are characterized by vertex connections as well as in liquid water the low-density ice crystallites are divided by dense tetrahedral clusters with an asymmetrical structure [1]. However these clusters (see Figure 1(a)) are more complicated due to the effect of hydrogen bonds but the frame of them as a broken red line connecting the centers of tetrahedrons is also ramified [20].…”
Section: Some Aspects Of Liquid Water Microstructurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…A topological structure of density fluctuations in condensed matter has been studied by molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation as ramified clusters of almost regular Delaunay's simplexes (tetrahedrons) built on the fours of densely packed atoms and connected in pairs by faces as tetrahedral Bernal's chains [6,7]. The review of publications on this subject is presented in the monograph [8] and a topological criterion [9][10][11] is offered for finding these simplexes exactly. Such a criterion allows making the selection of the dense-part simplexes by fixing the overall length of their edges in a point of maximum number of obtained clusters in the MD cell.…”
Density fluctuations in liquid water consist of two topological kinds of instant molecular clusters. The dense ones have helical hydrogen bonds and the nondense ones are tetrahedral clusters with ice-like hydrogen bonds of water molecules. Helical ordering of protons in the dense water clusters can participate in coherent vibrations. The ramified interface of such incompatible structural elements induces clustering impurities in any aqueous solution. These additives can enhance a heat transfer of water as a two-phase coolant for PWR due to natural forming of nanoparticles with a thermal conductivity higher than water. The aqueous nanofluid as a new condensed matter has a great potential for cooling applications. It is a mixture of liquid water and dispersed phase of extremely fine quasi-solid particles usually less than 50 nm in size with the high thermal conductivity. An alternative approach is the formation of gaseous (oxygen or hydrogen) nanoparticles in density fluctuations of water. It is possible to obtain stable nanobubbles that can considerably exceed the molecular solubility of oxygen (hydrogen) in water. Such a nanofluid can convert the liquid water in the nonstoichiometric state and change its reduction-oxidation (RedOx) potential similarly to adding oxidants (or antioxidants) for applying 2D water chemistry to aqueous coolant.
“…MD-studying the density fluctuations of the liquid [10], amorphous, and crystalline [4] states has shown that their dense part of tetrahedral clusters is characterized by vertex connections [12]. These connections are asterisked in Fig.…”
Section: Topological Structure Of Condensed-matter Density Fluctuationsmentioning
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