“…Multiple approaches [2,13,16,23] were proposed to deal with training problems due to intense variations in viewpoint. VAAG A few previous techniques used vehicle key-point annotations [24,24,25], while others utilized pose estimation network [1,4,26] to learn viewpoint information. Moreover, in practical applications, data annotation is incredibly expensive, and pose estimation is subject to various constraints, including motion blurriness and occlusion.…”