Two-stage patterning dynamics in conifer cotyledon whorl morphogenesis

Holloway, David M.; Rozada, Ignacio; Bray, Joshua J H

doi:10.1093/aob/mcx185

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…The cotyledons are a characterizing parameter of the Pinaceae seeds because it can be highly variable, especially in number, between and within the same species (Holloway et al, 2018;von Aderkas, 2002), what makes of them a basis for the selection of different genotypes in Pinaceae family. In this study, the analysis of seedling growth in response to the number of cotyledons shows that the dry weight of almost all organs is proportional to the number of cotyledons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of nitrogen concentration and cotyledons on nitrogen preference in seedlings of Cedrus atlantica Manetti

Amrani¹,

AMRAOUI

2022

Bois for. trop.

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The organic matter constitutes the most important source of nitrate and ammonium in coniferous forest soil, which are the two major nitrogen forms used by plants. The preference and/or adaptation of one N-form over another by seedlings genotypes is a determinant factor in the success of reforestation programs, not only for cedar species but any other forest essence. In a controlled growth chamber, the seedlings of two provenances of Cedrus atlantica M. (Gouraud and Moudmame) are grown on natural soil or on organic matter fertilized with different N-form and concentration. Our results show a high nitrogen requirement and a different preference towards nitrogen forms which is mainly manifested at secondary roots. On the other hand, variations in the cotyledons affect the growth and the response of the seedlings to the nitrogen form and thus reveal different forms of adaptation to nitrogen nutrition which are linked to the cotyledons and to the age of seedlings. The growth response of C. atlantica to nitrogen form and concentration is discussed in light of the effect of the provenance and cotyledons. Taken together, these results suggest that knowledge of the nitrogen requirements of the different genotypes of C. atlantica at the juvenile stage could be a good tool for successful reforestation of this forest species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cotyledons are the most important seed characteristics because the conifer embryos have a variable number of cotyledons even within the same species (Holloway et al, 2018). Mughal and Thapliyal (2012) consider that the number of cotyledons can constitute a basis for the selection and delimitation of the provenances of Cedrus deodara.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrogen concentration and cotyledons on nitrogen preference in seedlings of Cedrus atlantica Manetti

Amrani¹,

AMRAOUI

2022

Bois for. trop.

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“…A schematic representation is shown in Figure 1.1. We remark that recent studies considering only the membrane-bound Brusselator model have been used to model conifer morphogenesis [5,1]. By introducing bulk-membrane coupling our model gives a clear origin to the feed term typically found in the membrane-bound activator equation for uncoupled membrane-bound Brusselator models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Stability and Dynamics of Localized Spot Patterns for a Bulk-Membrane Coupled Brusselator Model

Gomez¹

2019

Preprint

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We consider a bulk-membrane-coupled partial differential equation in which a single diffusion equation posed within the unit ball is coupled to a two-component reaction diffusion equation posed on the bounding unit sphere through a linear Robin boundary condition. Specifically, within the bulk we consider a process of linear diffusion with point-source generation for a bulk-bound activator. On the bounding surface we consider the classical two-component Brusselator model where the feed term is replaced by the restriction of the bulk-bound activator to the membrane. By considering the singularly perturbed limit of a small diffusivity ratio between the membrane-bound activator and inhibitor species, we use formal asymptotic expansions to construct strongly localized quasi-equilibrium spot solutions and study their linear stability. Our analysis reveals that bulk-membrane-coupling can restrict the existence of localized spot solutions through a recirculation mechanism. In addition we derive stability thresholds that illustrate the effect of coupling on both competition and splitting instabilities. Finally, we use higher-order matched asymptotic expansions to derive a system of differential algebraic equations that describe the slow motion of spots. The potential for new coupling induced dynamical behaviour is illustrated by considering examples of one-, two-, and three-spot solutions.

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“…95 μm ( Fowke et al, 1994 ). The most detailed statistical information available on cotyledon spacing is for larch, where the pattern wavelength has been measured precisely, at 98 ± 4 μm ( Harrison & von Aderkas, 2004 ; Holloway et al, 2018 ). (E) .…”

Section: Early Daysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterning, From Conifers to Consciousness: Turing’s Theory and Order From Fluctuations

Lacalli

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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This is a brief account of Turing’s ideas on biological pattern and the events that led to their wider acceptance by biologists as a valid way to investigate developmental pattern, and of the value of theory more generally in biology. Periodic patterns have played a key role in this process, especially 2D arrays of oriented stripes, which proved a disappointment in theoretical terms in the case of Drosophila segmentation, but a boost to theory as applied to skin patterns in fish and model chemical reactions. The concept of “order from fluctuations” is a key component of Turing’s theory, wherein pattern arises by selective amplification of spatial components concealed in the random disorder of molecular and/or cellular processes. For biological examples, a crucial point from an analytical standpoint is knowing the nature of the fluctuations, where the amplifier resides, and the timescale over which selective amplification occurs. The answer clarifies the difference between “inelegant” examples such as Drosophila segmentation, which is perhaps better understood as a programmatic assembly process, and “elegant” ones expressible in equations like Turing’s: that the fluctuations and selection process occur predominantly in evolutionary time for the former, but in real time for the latter, and likewise for error suppression, which for Drosophila is historical, in being lodged firmly in past evolutionary events. The prospects for a further extension of Turing’s ideas to the complexities of brain development and consciousness is discussed, where a case can be made that it could well be in neuroscience that his ideas find their most important application.

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Two-stage patterning dynamics in conifer cotyledon whorl morphogenesis

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

Effect of nitrogen concentration and cotyledons on nitrogen preference in seedlings of Cedrus atlantica Manetti

Effect of nitrogen concentration and cotyledons on nitrogen preference in seedlings of Cedrus atlantica Manetti

The Stability and Dynamics of Localized Spot Patterns for a Bulk-Membrane Coupled Brusselator Model

Patterning, From Conifers to Consciousness: Turing’s Theory and Order From Fluctuations

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