“…To deal with the uncertainties of the renewable generation, the authors used a method called stochastic response surface method. Reference [18] presents a framework for service restoration considering the market aspects of the problem. Reference [19] proposes a method to solve the service restoration problem that uses a mixed-integer semidefinite programming model for the coordination of DGs and energy storage systems in microgrids.…”
Section: B Literature Surveymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…e faulted section is isolated so that it may be repaired. Sections that were not affected by a fault must remain energized during the service restoration procedure; [8], [9], [10], [11] ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ [7], [12], [13] ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ [14], [15], [17], [18], [19] ✓…”
Section: Modeling Framework For Service Restorationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…e load is modeled using the voltage-dependent polynomial ZIP model [32]. Constraints ( 13)-( 16) represent the values of the loads according to the voltage magnitude at node 𝑖, calculated in (17), and the state of the binary variable 𝑦 𝕊 , defined in (18).…”
Section: Load Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…∀𝑖 ∈ Ω (18) e big-M formulation ( 13)-( 16) provides the values of the active and reactive power demands, respectively, according to the value of 𝑦 𝕊 . e value of 𝑉 is available directly from the formulation, however, 𝑉 needs to be calculated.…”
is paper presents a new mixed-integer linear programming model for the optimal restoration of active distribution networks during permanent fault events considering not only network reconfiguration but also the islanded operation of distributed generation, thereby giving rise to the formation of microgrids. To that end, the proposed approach accounts for both the black-start capacity of generators and the connection of multiple generators to the same microgrid. Moreover, voltage control devices such as substations' on-load tap changers, voltage regulators, and capacitor banks are also considered in the formulation. e model is driven by the minimization of the outof-service load after single or multiple faults in the network using the minimum number of switching operations and modifications in the statuses of the voltage control devices. e proposed model is implemented in the mathematical modeling language AMPL and solved with the CPLEX solver. Tests are conducted using a 53-node distribution system considering different fault locations. Numerical results show the relevant effect of microgrid formation and voltage control in the restoration process. Simulations also prove the effective performance of the proposed approach in terms of computation time.
“…To deal with the uncertainties of the renewable generation, the authors used a method called stochastic response surface method. Reference [18] presents a framework for service restoration considering the market aspects of the problem. Reference [19] proposes a method to solve the service restoration problem that uses a mixed-integer semidefinite programming model for the coordination of DGs and energy storage systems in microgrids.…”
Section: B Literature Surveymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…e faulted section is isolated so that it may be repaired. Sections that were not affected by a fault must remain energized during the service restoration procedure; [8], [9], [10], [11] ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ [7], [12], [13] ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ [14], [15], [17], [18], [19] ✓…”
Section: Modeling Framework For Service Restorationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…e load is modeled using the voltage-dependent polynomial ZIP model [32]. Constraints ( 13)-( 16) represent the values of the loads according to the voltage magnitude at node 𝑖, calculated in (17), and the state of the binary variable 𝑦 𝕊 , defined in (18).…”
Section: Load Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…∀𝑖 ∈ Ω (18) e big-M formulation ( 13)-( 16) provides the values of the active and reactive power demands, respectively, according to the value of 𝑦 𝕊 . e value of 𝑉 is available directly from the formulation, however, 𝑉 needs to be calculated.…”
is paper presents a new mixed-integer linear programming model for the optimal restoration of active distribution networks during permanent fault events considering not only network reconfiguration but also the islanded operation of distributed generation, thereby giving rise to the formation of microgrids. To that end, the proposed approach accounts for both the black-start capacity of generators and the connection of multiple generators to the same microgrid. Moreover, voltage control devices such as substations' on-load tap changers, voltage regulators, and capacitor banks are also considered in the formulation. e model is driven by the minimization of the outof-service load after single or multiple faults in the network using the minimum number of switching operations and modifications in the statuses of the voltage control devices. e proposed model is implemented in the mathematical modeling language AMPL and solved with the CPLEX solver. Tests are conducted using a 53-node distribution system considering different fault locations. Numerical results show the relevant effect of microgrid formation and voltage control in the restoration process. Simulations also prove the effective performance of the proposed approach in terms of computation time.
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