“…This strategy is especially suitable for forced evaporative cooling in optical traps, where many hyperfine states are trapped simultaneously, and it is progressively advantageous with increasing the hyperfine quantum number I, because the fraction of states available for s-wave elastic scattering with respect to the total available is 2I/(2I+1). For states with I = 1/2, this means only 50%, but in the case of I = 5/2 (for 173 Yb, for instance) this means that 5/6 of the possible combinations proceed with evaporative cooling unaffected by the Pauli principle. Limits to the minimum temperature achievable by means of dual evaporative cooling have been discussed, including Pauli blocking, leading to an estimate of (T /T F ) min 0.3 [61,62].…”