Two-site evaluation of the relationship between in vivo and carcass dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in pigs

Scholz, Armin M.; Mitchell, A. D.; Förster, M.; Pursel, V. G.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2006.05.025

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, DXA tissue compositional data may not be the same across DXA devices or correspond to the chemical or dissected composition of the animal body or carcass. In fact, DXA tissue estimates normally have to be calibrated using acrylic materials rather than human or animal tissues (Scholz et al, 2007). Consequently, dissected bone does not correlate well with DXA BMC or DXA lean mass, since bones contain significant amounts of fat, protein, and water (Nielsen, 1973).…”

Section: Dxa As An Alternative To In Vivo Body Composition Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in non-ruminant nutrition research

2017

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-Precise body composition measurements are essential in animal nutrition studies because the impact of treatments is evaluated based on changes in body weight and composition. Various indirect techniques for animal compositional evaluation have been developed and evaluated for applicability in animal nutrition studies. A fast, accurate, minimally invasive method that requires little input is considered the ideal for providing information about the animal. Measurements obtained by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are highly correlated with those obtained by chemical analysis and dissection. The algorithms of DXA software partition the six chemical components of the body (lipids, water, proteins, carbohydrates, non-bone mineral, and bone mineral) into three compartments (total body mineral content, fat mass, and lean mass). Questions have been raised about how this partitioning affects the precision of the DXA method. In addition, the relationship between the DXA measurements and dissected carcass tissues is nonrepresentational of the relationship between DXA and chemical analysis. Furthermore, since DXA devices and their software were developed primarily for human medicine, they may not be fully adequate for animal evaluation. Calibration is required to obtain true values. The DXA method has some advantages and disadvantages that should be identified and controlled before calibration. Nonetheless, DXA is a valuable tool that provides precise, repeatable body composition measurements of live monogastric animals and their carcasses.

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Section: Dxa As An Alternative To In Vivo Body Composition Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in non-ruminant nutrition research

2017

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“…In previous studies DXA measurements of total body fat and lean were found to correlate with the percentages of carcass fat and lean with R 2 values ranging from 0.78 to 0.85 (SCHOLZ et al 2007). The formula used in this study for calculating fat-free lean based on ultrasound measurements has a reported R 2 value of 0.777 (NPPC 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The DXA measurement of total body lean can be adjusted for bone content rather than BMC (PURSEL et al 2004) by assuming a 24.14 % ash content for pork bones (FIELD et al 1974). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that there is a close relationship between live DXA measured lean and carcass lean (SCHOLZ et al 2007, SUSTER et al, 2003, indicating that the live DXA lean measurement can be used to predict carcass lean. Also, SWANTEK et al (1992) reported an equation for their BIA measurements that adjusted for live weight to offset discrepancies between carcass weights and live weights using average head and viscera weights and estimated blood loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships among dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance and ultrasound measurements of body composition of swine

Mitchell

Scholz

2009

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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In three separate studies (156 pigs total), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and ultrasound were compared as methods for measuring live body composition of pigs at 60 and 100-110 kg BWt. DXA measured total body fat and lean content, BIA measurements of resistance (Rs) and reactance (Xc) were used to calculate total body lean mass and ultrasound measurements of backfat (BF) depth and longissimus muscle area (LMA) were used to calculate total carcass lean mass. Following the 100-110 kg measurements, the pigs were slaughtered and the half-carcass analyzed chemically for fat and water content. At 110 kg both DXA and ultrasound measurements were significantly correlated with the percentages of carcass fat and water, although correlations were higher for DXA. The correlations between DXA and BF measurements were higher at 110 kg than at 60 kg, whereas they were lower for DXA and LMA. For pigs measured at 100 kg there were high correlations between the DXA values and the BIA estimates for both percentage of fat-free lean mass (FFM %) and FFM kg. Furthermore, the correlations between the BIA estimates of FFM and carcass fat and water content were similar to those for DXA and the same carcass values. This study also provided a side-by-side comparison of the BIA and ultrasound lean measurements relative to DXA and carcass composition. The BIA lean measurement correlated more highly with both DXA and carcass composition than did the ultrasound lean measurement. Keywords

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“…A compensation probably occurred by the inclusion of water and protein in adipose tissue and the increasing fat content in adipose tissue at the expense of water as shown in Figure 2 for subcutaneous fat from ham and shank. The effect of varying tissue hydration levels in growing animals has been discussed sufficiently (MITCHELL et al, 1998a, c;SUSTER et al, 2003SUSTER et al, , 2004SCHOLZ et al, 2007). In brief, the function of DXA is based on the ratio of photon attenuation at the low energy level to attenuation observed at the higher energy.…”

Section: Accuracy and Precision Of The Norland Xr-26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive determination of body composition in pigs using a Norland XR-26 bone densitometer

Lösel

Küchenmeister²,

Härtung

et al. 2007

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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Non-invasive measurement of body composition provides advantages in growth studies compared to conventional techniques. The same individual can be measured several times, the measurement is faster, and the number of pigs required as well as the random effect of animal are reduced. The aim of the present study was to determine the composition of the half carcass and of the ham/shank region by a whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan of the live pig using a Norland XR-26. Accuracy and precision of DXA measurement were evaluated by regression analysis between DXA-derived values and chemical analysis as well as dissection. Pigs of different gender were used covering a wide range of body weights and body composition. Single regression analysis for lean and fat mass revealed a close relationship between half carcass DXA and chemical analysis (R² = 0.97 and R² = 0.91, respectively) as well as dissection (R² = 0.99 and R² = 0.98, respectively). The prediction accuracy (R²) was lower for the tissue percentages than for the respective tissue masses. The relationship between live pig DXA and reference methods was close for dissected lean meat (R² = 0.90) and adipose tissue mass (R² = 0.93). For chemical lean and fat mass, R² were slightly lower. Multiple regression analysis using one to four independent variables improved accuracy of prediction. The composition of ham and shank could be predicted more accurately than the half carcass composition.Key Words: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, pig, body composition, in vivo Zusammenfassung Titel der Arbeit: Nichtinvasive Bestimmung der Körperzusammensetzung von Schweinen mittels eines Norland XR-26 Knochendensitometers Eine nichtinvasive Messung der Körperzusammensetzung bietet im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Methoden Vorteile für Wachstumsstudien. So kann dasselbe Tier mehrfach gemessen werden, die Messung erfolgt schneller, und die Anzahl der benötigten Tiere wird ebenso reduziert wie der zufällige Tiereffekt. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, unter Verwendung eines Norland XR-26 einen DXA-Scan am lebenden Schwein durchzuführen und daraus die Zusammensetzung der Schlachthälfte und der Schinken-/Eisbeinregion zu bestimmen. Um die Richtigkeit und Präzision der DXA-Messungen zu bewerten, wurden Regressionsanalysen zwischen den DXA-Werten und den Referenzwerten aus der chemischen Analyse und der Zerlegung angewendet. Es wurden Schweine unterschiedlichen Geschlechts verwendet, die ein breites Spektrum an Gewicht und Körperzusammensetzung abdeckten. Die einfache Regressionsanalyse für Mager-und Fettmasse zeigte eine enge Beziehung zwischen der DXA-Messung der Schlachthälfte und der chemischen Analyse (R² = 0,97 bzw. R² = 0,91), sowie der Zerlegung (R² = 0,99 bzw. R² = 0,98). Die Vorhersagerichtigkeit (R²) für die prozentualen Gewebeanteile war niedriger als für die entsprechenden Gewebemassen. Zwischen den DXA-Messungen lebender Schweine und den Referenzmethoden bestand eine enge Beziehung im Fall der zerlegten Magerfleischmasse (R² = 0,90) und...

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Two-site evaluation of the relationship between in vivo and carcass dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in pigs

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in non-ruminant nutrition research

Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in non-ruminant nutrition research

Relationships among dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance and ultrasound measurements of body composition of swine

Non-invasive determination of body composition in pigs using a Norland XR-26 bone densitometer

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