Two simple methods for determining gait events during treadmill and overground walking using kinematic data

Zeni, Joseph A.; Richards, James G.; Higginson, Jill S.

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.07.007

Cited by 968 publications

(670 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For 5M, 15M and FIG8 trials, raw three-dimensional marker position data for sections of straight line walking, excluding turning strides, were extracted from the central area of the calibrated laboratory volume and were interpolated using a cubic spline algorithm and smoothed using a low-pass Butterworth filter with a cut-off frequency of 6Hz (Visual 3D v.5 Professional, C-Motion, Germantown, US). Gait events of heel strike and toe off were identified using a position-based algorithm, previously described [18]. Temporal-spatial data were calculated in 10 stride sections from the start for 0-10, 20-30 and 40-50 strides and then 10 stride sections counting back from the three and six minute intervals of the 6MWT.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating walking path configuration influences gait variability and six-minute walk test outcomes in older and younger adults

et al. 2016

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The current study determined whether manipulations to walking path configuration influenced six-minute walk test (6MWT) outcomes and assessed how gait variability changes over the duration of the 6MWT in different walking path configurations. Healthy older (ODR) and younger (YNG) (n=24) adults completed familiarisation trials and five randomly ordered experimental trials of the 6MWT with walking configurations of; 5M, 10M and 15M straight lines, a 6m by 3m rectangle (RECT), and a figure of eight (FIG8). Six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and walking speed (m.s -1 ) were recorded for all trials and the stride count recorded for experimental trials. Reflective markers were attached to the sacrum and feet with kinematic data recorded at 100Hz by a nine-camera motion capture system for 5M, 15M and FIG8 trials, in order to calculate variability in stride and step length, stride width, stride and step time and double limb support time. Walking speeds and 6MWD were greatest in the 15M and FIG8 experimental trials in both groups (p<0.01).Step length and stride width variability were consistent over the 6MWT duration but greater in the 5M trial vs. the 15M and FIG8 trials (p<0.05). Stride and step time and double limb support time variability all reduced between 10 and 30 strides (p<0.01). Stride and step time variability were greater in the 5M vs. 15M and FIG8 trials (p<0.01). Increasing uninterrupted gait and walking path length results in improved 6MWT outcomes and decreased gait variability in older and younger adults.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating walking path configuration influences gait variability and six-minute walk test outcomes in older and younger adults

et al. 2016

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“…The 'gold standard' kinetic method of determining TD and FO were defined as the instants that the vertical component of the GRF was greater or less than 20 N, respectively [8].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on our previous analysis of stair/step ambulation (5,13) and following pilot work to confirm how existing overground gait event detection algorithms [8,9] might be adapted, TD and FO events were identified for stair descent and ascent using the following approaches:…”

Section: The Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Algorithms based on segmental kinematics (marker based) have previously been used to define initialcontact and toe-off during overground gait. These include using local maximas in the horizontal acceleration of the toe marker [6], in the vertical velocity of the foot [7], or in the foot to sacrum change in displacement (the 'coordinate-algorithm') [8]. The recent use of trail-limb local maxima hip extension to detect lead-limb initial-contact during overground gait [9] highlights that kinematic events further up the kinetic chain can be used as accurate alternatives to using foot kinematics to define the start or end of stance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent use of trail-limb local maxima hip extension to detect lead-limb initial-contact during overground gait [9] highlights that kinematic events further up the kinetic chain can be used as accurate alternatives to using foot kinematics to define the start or end of stance. Although kinematic algorithms for overground gait exist [6][7][8][9], they are unlikely to be as accurate for event detection when applied to stair ambulation because of the differences in segmental kinematics between each mode of gait. There are no formal reports regarding the use of kinematicallyderived algorithms for the detection of TD and FO in stair ambulation, and given the sparse use and/or availability of force-instrumented staircases, such algorithms could have wide appeal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stair-specific algorithms for identification of touch-down and foot-off when descending or ascending a non-instrumented staircase

et al. 2014

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Research HighlightsAlgorithms defining touch-down and foot-off (TD/FO) in stair ambulation are presented Performance of these algorithms was determined by comparison to force defined events TD/ FO were determined with acceptable precision in young and old adultsThe algorithms performed equally well at differing riser heights (85-255 mm)These algorithms can be used when force-instrumented staircases are unavailable AbstractThe present study introduces four event detection algorithms for defining touch-down and foot-off during stair descent and stair ascent using segmental kinematics. For stair descent, vertical velocity minima of the whole body centre-of-mass was used to define touch-down, and foot-off was defined as the instant of trail limb peak knee flexion. For stair ascent, vertical velocity local minima of the lead-limb toe was used to define touch-down, and footoff was defined as the local maxima in vertical displacement between the toe and pelvis. The performance of these algorithms was determined as the agreement in timings of kinematically derived events to those defined kinetically (ground reaction forces). Data were recorded while 17 young and 15 older adults completed stair descent and ascent trials over a four-step instrumented staircase. Trials were repeated for three stair riser height conditions (85 mm, 170 mm, and 255 mm). Kinematically derived touch-down and foot-off events showed good agreement (small 95% limits of agreement) with kinetically derived events for both young and older adults, across all riser heights, and for both ascent and descent. In addition, agreement metrics were better than those returned using existing kinematically derived event detection algorithms developed for overground gait. These results indicate that touch-down and foot-off during stair ascent and descent of non-instrumented staircases can be determined with acceptable precision using segmental kinematic data.

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Decreased Pain and Improved Dynamic Knee Instability Mediate the Beneficial Effect of Wearing a Soft Knee Brace on Activity Limitations in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Cudejko

Esch

Noort

et al. 2019

Arthritis Care & Research

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Two simple methods for determining gait events during treadmill and overground walking using kinematic data

Cited by 968 publications

References 10 publications

Manipulating walking path configuration influences gait variability and six-minute walk test outcomes in older and younger adults

Manipulating walking path configuration influences gait variability and six-minute walk test outcomes in older and younger adults

Stair-specific algorithms for identification of touch-down and foot-off when descending or ascending a non-instrumented staircase

Decreased Pain and Improved Dynamic Knee Instability Mediate the Beneficial Effect of Wearing a Soft Knee Brace on Activity Limitations in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

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