Two‐Sided Edge Effect Studies and the Restoration of Endangered Ecosystems

Fonseca, Carlos Roberto; Joner, Fernando

doi:10.1111/j.1526-100x.2007.00273.x

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Theoretically, semi-open corridors provide a suitable compromise for connectivity if the stenotopic species of the respective habitats are able to pass through (the same corridor might be used by simultaneously stenotopic heathland and woodland species). Although some researchers support two-sided edge-effect studies to create a positive research agenda for the restoration and expansion of endangered ecosystems (Fonseca & Joner 2007), semi-open corridors have, to our knowledge, not been studied or discussed in the literature.…”

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confidence: 90%

Value of Semi‐Open Corridors for Simultaneously Connecting Open and Wooded Habitats: a Case Study with Ground Beetles

Eggers

Matern

Drees

et al. 2010

Conservation Biology

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To counteract habitat fragmentation, the connectivity of a landscape should be enhanced. Corridors are thought to facilitate movement between disconnected patches of habitat, and linear strips of habitat connecting isolated patches are a popular type of corridor. On the other hand, the creation of new corridors can lead to fragmentation of the surrounding habitat. For example, heathland corridors connect patches of heathland and alternatively hedgerows connect patches of woodland. Nevertheless, these corridors themselves also break up previously connected patches of their surrounding habitat and in so doing fragment another type of habitat (heathland corridors fragment woodlands and woodland strips or hedgerows fragment heathlands). To overcome this challenge we propose the use of semi-open habitats (a mixture of heathland and woodland vegetation) as conservation corridors to enable dispersal of both stenotopic heathland and woodland species. We used two semi-open corridors with a mosaic of heathland and woody vegetation to investigate the efficiency of semi-open corridors for species dispersal and to assess whether these corridors might be a suitable approach for nature conservation. We conducted a mark-recapture study on three stenotopic flightless carabid beetles of heathlands and woodlands and took an inventory of all the carabid species in two semi-open corridors. Both methodological approaches showed simultaneous immigration of woodland and heathland species in the semi-open corridor. Detrended correspondence analysis showed a clear separation of the given habitats and affirmed that semi-open corridors are a good strategy for connecting woodlands and heathlands. The best means of creating and preserving semi-open corridors is probably through extensive grazing.

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mentioning

confidence: 90%

Value of Semi‐Open Corridors for Simultaneously Connecting Open and Wooded Habitats: a Case Study with Ground Beetles

Eggers

Matern

Drees

et al. 2010

Conservation Biology

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“…Araucaria Forest fragments, on the other hand, can be the source of propagule of native species to the re-colonization of the anthropogenic matrix which can help in the restoration of this endangered ecosystem (Fonseca and Joner 2007). Araucaria angustifolia is able to colonize natural grasslands and cattle fields under the present climatic conditions (Behling et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Araucaria Forest conservation: mechanisms providing resistance to invasion by exotic timber trees

Emer

Fonseca

2010

Biol Invasions

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Since only 12.6% of the Brazilian Araucaria Forest remains and timber tree monocultures are expanding, biological invasion is a potential threat to the conservation of natural forest remnants. Here, we test (1) the susceptibility of Araucaria Forest to invasion by Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus saligna, (2) the efficiency of different mechanisms controlling the early establishment of these two exotic timber tree species, and (3) the potential of the native timber tree Araucaria angustifolia to establish successfully in ecologically-managed monocultures of Araucaria, Pinus and Eucalyptus. In Araucaria Forest, more than a thousand Pinus seeds landed annually in a hectare; however, experimentally exposed seeds were 100% removed in only 6 days. Furthermore, all experimentally transplanted seedlings of Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus saligna died in less than a year in Araucaria Forest, but not in the monocultures. Correlative evidence suggests that this mortality was associated to plant community richness, plant abundance, and soil fertility. Araucaria angustifolia, in contrast, showed an establishment success in ecologically-managed tree monocultures as high as that exhibited in its natural habitat. The current resistance of Araucaria Forest to invasion by exotic timber trees is good news for the conservation of Araucaria Forest remnants and for its keystone species. The understanding of the mechanisms providing such resistance against invasion points towards management tools for minimizing future threats.

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“…The preponderance of one-sided edge responses we observed is unusual among avian edge studies, something that may be explained in part by the relative rarity of studies considering both sides of a habitat edge Battin 2002, Fonseca andJoner 2007). Of the seven species for which full mixed-model analyses were possible, none displayed the type of two-sided transitional response predicted by a priori models (Kingston and Morris 2000, .…”

Section: Edge-response Patternsmentioning

confidence: 76%

One-Sided Edge Responses in Forest Birds Following Restoration Treatments

Battin

Sisk

2011

The Condor

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We studied the effects of the edge between two forest types on the probability of occurrence of seven species of birds and found that four responded to the edge on only one side. Over 4 years, we measured the responses of forest birds to the edge between ponderosa pine forest undergoing restoration and neighboring untreated stands. Of the seven species analyzed, one occurred most frequently near the edge. Of the remaining six, none responded to the edge in the treated forest, but four responded in the untreated forest. Relatively few studies have examined abundance changes on both sides of an edge between distinct habitats that support similar bird communities, and predictive models of edge effects used for mapping animal responses to habitat change often assume that animal abundance will change on both sides of this sort of edge, declining near the edge in the habitat in which the species is most abundant and increasing near the edge in the habitat in which the species is less abundant. One-sided edge effects, such as those we have documented, may lead to markedly different predictions of the effects of habitat change on bird abundance in heterogeneous landscapes.Key words: edge effects, mixed model logistic regression, predictive model, ponderosa pine forest. Respuestas de las Aves de Bosque a los Efectos de Borde de un Lado Luego de Tratamientos de RestauraciónResumen. Estudiamos los efectos de borde entre dos tipos de bosque en la probabilidad de ocurrencia de siete especies de aves y encontramos que cuatro respondieron al borde de un solo lado. Durante cuatro años medimos las respuestas de aves de bosque al borde entre un bosque de pino ponderosa bajo restauración y rodales colindantes sin tratar. De las siete especies analizadas, una presentó mayor frecuencia cerca del borde. De las seis restantes, ninguna respondió al borde en el bosque tratado, pero cuatro mostraron una respuesta al bosque sin tratar. Relativamente pocos estudios han examinado los cambios en la abundancia en ambos lados de un borde entre habitats distintos que albergan comunidades de aves similares. Además, los modelos predictivos de efecto de borde utilizados para mapear las respuestas de animales al cambio de habitat a menudo asumen que la abundancia animal cambiará en ambos lados de este tipo de borde, disminuyendo cerca del borde en el habitat en el cual la especie es más abundante e incrementado cerca del borde en el habitat en el cual la especie es menos abundante. Los efectos de borde de un solo lado, tales como los que documentamos, pueden llevar a predicciones marcadamente diferentes de los efectos de cambio de habitat en la abundancia de aves en paisajes heterogéneos. 501

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Two‐Sided Edge Effect Studies and the Restoration of Endangered Ecosystems

Cited by 50 publications

References 64 publications

Value of Semi‐Open Corridors for Simultaneously Connecting Open and Wooded Habitats: a Case Study with Ground Beetles

Value of Semi‐Open Corridors for Simultaneously Connecting Open and Wooded Habitats: a Case Study with Ground Beetles

Araucaria Forest conservation: mechanisms providing resistance to invasion by exotic timber trees

One-Sided Edge Responses in Forest Birds Following Restoration Treatments

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