2019
DOI: 10.1007/s11199-019-01071-7
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Two Sexes, Two Genders Only: Measuring Attitudes toward Transgender Individuals in Poland

Abstract: Transphobia is an under-examined but important type of prejudice to study in Polish culture. Poland is a country where a majority of transgender people feel discriminated against. There is a need for a more evidence-based measures for researchers and practitioners to better understand transphobia. The main purpose of the present three studies (n = 300 participants for each study) was to validate the Genderism and Transphobia Scale (GTS; Hill and Willoughby 2005) and the Transphobia Scale (TS; Nagoshi et al. 20… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(16 citation statements)
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References 85 publications
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“…Following the latter line of theorizing, we assessed both, participants' level of modern and traditional homonegativity. Consistent with previous research (Adolfsen et al, 2010;Konopka et al, 2020;Massey, 2008), both aspects of homonegativity were moderately positively interrelated. Contrary to our second hypothesis, however, neither in Study 1 nor in Study 2, modern homonegativity was (negatively) associated with the evaluation of LG parental competence in situations, when LG target parents interacted with their children in an authoritarian or permissive way--that is, when prejudice could easily have been rationalized.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Following the latter line of theorizing, we assessed both, participants' level of modern and traditional homonegativity. Consistent with previous research (Adolfsen et al, 2010;Konopka et al, 2020;Massey, 2008), both aspects of homonegativity were moderately positively interrelated. Contrary to our second hypothesis, however, neither in Study 1 nor in Study 2, modern homonegativity was (negatively) associated with the evaluation of LG parental competence in situations, when LG target parents interacted with their children in an authoritarian or permissive way--that is, when prejudice could easily have been rationalized.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…They also receive little support from those closest to them, feel misunderstood and isolated (Aparicio-Garcia, et al, 2018 ; Frohard-Dourlent et al, 2017 ; Scandurra et al, 2019 ). Prejudice against gender nonconformists is particularly strong in Poland (Konopka et al, 2020 ; Świder & Winiewski, 2017 ). The public debate about the rights of sexual minorities is very intense, and representatives of the LGBTI community often feel attacked and discriminated against, especially by those with right-wing views.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…By following the facts, we cannot conclude that the LGBTQIA situation in Poland has improved, and that the positive equality trend has ever been strong, which is different from the thesis claiming that there was any positive trend (O'Dwyer, 2019). Conversely, the rights of transgender people, women's rights and access to IVF have been restricted in Poland in the last 20 years (Konopka et al, 2020).…”
Section: Calendar: Development Of Homophobic Policies Between 1989 An...mentioning
confidence: 99%