Two Recent Massive Breeding Failures in an Adélie Penguin Colony Call for the Creation of a Marine Protected Area in D'Urville Sea/Mertz

Ropert‐Coudert, Yan; Kato, Akiko; Shiomi, Kozue; Barbraud, Christophe; Angelier, Frédéric; Delord, Karine; Poupart, Timothée; Koubbi, Philippe; Raclot, Thierry

doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00264

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For the duration of the study (Dec 2018-Jan 2019) foraging trips were particularly short due to above-average foraging conditions, meaning that a larger proportion of the experiment was spent in inactive resting behaviours as opposed to active foraging behaviour. This may be another consideration when estimating field metabolic rates between years and conditions and could mean that in poorer years, where foraging trips are longer 38 , the relationship could be better between overall DBA and DLW. These shorter foraging trips can also be demonstrated by comparing the range of field metabolic rates (FMR) from this study (1450-4440 kJ/d), to those previously estimated for foraging Adélies (2412 to 6915 kJ/d) 39,40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceleration predicts energy expenditure in a fat, flightless, diving bird

Hicks

Kato

Angelier

et al. 2020

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Energy drives behaviour and life history decisions, yet it can be hard to measure at fine scales in free-moving animals. Accelerometry has proven a powerful tool to estimate energy expenditure, but requires calibration in the wild. This can be difficult in some environments, or for particular behaviours, and validations have produced equivocal results in some species, particularly air-breathing divers. It is, therefore, important to calibrate accelerometry across different behaviours to understand the most parsimonious way to estimate energy expenditure in free-living conditions. Here, we combine data from miniaturised acceleration loggers on 58 free-living Adélie penguins with doubly labelled water (DLW) measurements of their energy expenditure over several days. Across different behaviours, both in water and on land, dynamic body acceleration was a good predictor of independently measured DLW-derived energy expenditure (R2 = 0.72). The most parsimonious model suggested different calibration coefficients are required to predict behaviours on land versus foraging behaviour in water (R2 = 0.75). Our results show that accelerometry can be used to reliably estimate energy expenditure in penguins, and we provide calibration equations for estimating metabolic rate across several behaviours in the wild.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceleration predicts energy expenditure in a fat, flightless, diving bird

Hicks

Kato

Angelier

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…A delay in their return would impact the food delivery to the chick, and ultimately the chick’s survival and/or the partner’s body condition, if this delay was to be repeated. Conversely, shortening too much the trip could lower the body condition of the adult with time, as most of the food collected would be delivered to the chicks and not used for maintaining the body condition of the adults [ 30 , 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…crystallorophias ) and juveniles of Antarctic silverfish ( Pleuragramma antarctica ) in the more neritic waters of the continental shelf [ 25 , 28 ]. However, the sea-ice scape varies greatly during this period of the breeding cycle, affecting the distribution of resources and consequently this may affect penguins’ foraging strategies [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In East Antarctica, sea-ice cover along the coastline has increased in recent years [ 31 , 32 ]. Recently, the colony on the Ile des Pétrels (Terre Adélie) experienced two massive breeding failures due to extreme environmental events, including high sea-ice extent and persistence around the colony during the breeding season [ 30 , 33 ]. Adult Adélie penguins performed longer trips than usual and/or did not find enough resources around the colony for provisioning their chicks [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the colony on the Ile des Pétrels (Terre Adélie) experienced two massive breeding failures due to extreme environmental events, including high sea-ice extent and persistence around the colony during the breeding season [ 30 , 33 ]. Adult Adélie penguins performed longer trips than usual and/or did not find enough resources around the colony for provisioning their chicks [ 30 ]. Under such variable conditions–both within and between years–it is thus important to assess the plasticity of Adélie penguins’ foraging behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adélie penguins foraging consistency and site fidelity are conditioned by breeding status and environmental conditions

et al. 2021

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There is a growing interest in studying consistency and site fidelity of individuals to assess, respectively, how individual behaviour shapes the population response to environmental changes, and to highlight the critical habitats needed by species. In Antarctica, the foraging activity of central place foragers like Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) is constrained by the sea-ice cover during the breeding season. We estimated the population-level repeatability in foraging trip parameters and sea-ice conditions encountered by birds across successive trips over several years, and we examined their foraging site fidelity linked to sea-ice concentrations throughout the chick-rearing season. Penguins’ foraging activity was repeatable despite varying annual sea-ice conditions. Birds’ site fidelity is constrained by both sea-ice conditions around the colony that limit movements and resources availability, and also behavioural repeatability of individuals driven by phenological constraints. Adélie penguins favoured sea-ice concentrations between 20–30%, as these facilitate access to open water while opening multiple patches for exploration in restricted areas in case of prey depletion. When the sea-ice concentration became greater than 30%, foraging site fidelity decreased and showed higher variability, while it increased again after 60%. Between two trips, the foraging site fidelity remained high when sea-ice concentration changed by ± 10% but showed greater variability when sea-ice concentrations differed on a larger range. In summary, Adélie penguins specialize their foraging behaviour during chick-rearing according to sea-ice conditions to enhance their reproductive success. The balance between being consistent under favourable environmental conditions vs. being flexible under more challenging conditions may be key to improving foraging efficiency and reproductive success to face fast environmental changes.

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