Two Psychotic Episodes Associated with Cannabis

George, H. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1970.tb01142.x

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The suggestion that ~9-THC induces psychopathologies (BARTOLUCCI et al 1969;GEORGE 1970;TALBOTT and TEAGUE 1969) has been examined and a listing of medical literature associating marihuana with mental illness compiled (NAHAS 1993b;NAHAS and LATOUR 1992). However, attempts to identify a "cannabis psychosis" have been unsuccessful (DEWEY 1986;HOLLISTER 1986;TASCHNER 1983;THORNICROFf 1990), even in parts of the world where consumption of marihuana has previously been associated with admission to hospitals for psychiatric conditions (CHKILI and KTIOUET 1993;DEFER 1993).…”

Section: Psychotic Episodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marihuana

Compton¹,

Harris²,

Lichtman³

et al. 1996

Pharmacological Aspects of Drug Dependence

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Among the drugs of abuse which are regulated under the United States Controlled Substances Act and the International Conventions, none has created more intense public debate and controversy than marihuana. Marihuana is one of many names given to the leaves and flowering tops of the plant Cannabis sativa. The plant grows in all temperate regions of this planet and has been used commercially as a source of fiber and oil. Wherever the plant grows people have learned to ingest the material for its introxicating effects. The usual routes of administration are by mouth or smoking. It has been estimated that, worldwide, more than one hundred million individuals are regular users of the plant material. However, accurate data on this situation are not available. In the United States, use data have been collected on a regular basis using two large surveys, the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES AD-MINISTRATION 1994) and the Monitoring the Future Survey (JOHNSTON et al. 1994) which covers eighth, tenth, and twelfth grade students in public and private schools. Figure 1 presents the data over time for lifetime, annual, 30 day, and daily use of marihuana among high school seniors in the United States (JOHNSTON et al. 1994). As can be seen, use peaked from 1978 to 1980 and had been declining slowly up to 1992. From 1992 to 1993 there was a significant increase in all use categories. Even more disturbing was the fact that very similar trend data were reported for eighth and tenth graders. This was matched in 1992 and 1993 by a decrease in the reported "perceived risk" from use of the drug.Data from the Household Survey revealed similar findings among those 12-17 years old. It is estimated that in 1993, 600000 individuals in this age group used marihuana weekly. There was also an increase in reporting that "obtaining marihuana is fairly or very easy." These trends should give us early warning of increased future public health problems. This is especially true when one looks at the increasing concentrations of /1"tetrahydrocannabinol (/1"-THC), the psychoactive principal found in confiscated samples of the plant material. This is illustrated in Fig. 2. During the years of peak use in the United States (1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980) the average /1l)-THC content of confiscated cannabis was about 1.5%. There was a steady increase C. R. Schuster et al. (eds.

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Section: Psychotic Episodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marihuana

Compton¹,

Harris²,

Lichtman³

et al. 1996

Pharmacological Aspects of Drug Dependence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On further investigation (into 79 of the cases) it was apparent that evidence as to the involvement of cannabis w^ inconclusive or irrelevant in 42 instances, and in the remaining 37 cases use of other drugs could well have confounded physical and psychiatric symptoms. The number of cases so diagnosed had risen to 140 in 1967 (George, 1970), but the dubious basis of such diagnoses revealed by investigation of the 1966 admissions makes any extrapolation from this data as to increase in 'cannabis casualties' impermissible, even if one could assume that changes in hospital admissions for cannabis casualties reflect corresponding changes in such morbidity in the general population.…”

Section: Change In Prevalence Of Cannabis Use As Rejected In Hospitalmentioning

confidence: 99%